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IGCSE
Human Reproduction 15.5-15.9
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Premature | Nicotine and carbon monoxide cross the placenta |
| Ante-natal care | Care before birth |
| Labour | The contraction of the uterus wall |
| Passive immunity | The child has the mother's antibodies in the blood. |
| After birth | After the fetus is pushed out of the vagina |
| Menstruation | The lining of the uterus breaks down and blood and cells pass out of the vagina. |
| Follicle | Group of cells surrounded each potential egg. |
| Ovulation | When the follicle bursts and releasing egg, some follicle cells and the fluid into the oviduct. |
| FSH | Stimulating a follicle to develop and egg to divide. Secretes by the pituitary gland. |
| Oestrogen | Secreted by cells in the follicle. Causes the lining of the uterus to thicken. Stops pituitary gland from making FSH |
| LH | Stimulate ovulation, follicle cells to form yellow body. |
| Progesterone | Thicken the lining of the uterus and prevent it from breaking down. |
| Testosterone | Hormone that's made by the testes which stimulates growth of male sex organ, sperm cells, hair, deepening in voice, development of muscle. |
| Oestrogen | Hormone that's made by the ovaries which stimulates growth of female sex organ, menstrual cycle, hair, development of breasts, widening of the hips. |
| Artificial insemination | Semen is collected from the men and placed in the uterus of the woman by a fine plastic tube. |
| Mechanical method | Consists of IUD (stop sperm from getting in the cervix and embryo form implanting), cap (prevent sperm from entering the uterus), condom ( stop sperm from entering the woman's body), femidom (similar to condom). |
| Chemical method | Consists of the pill (stop production of FSH) and spermicide (chemical kills sperm) |
| Natural method | Rhythm method ( taking record of day in which the woman has menstruation) |
| Surgical method | Consists of vasectomy ( cut and tied sperm duct) and sterilisation (cut and tied oviduct) |
| HIV | Virus that infects the cells in the immune system by destroys lymphocytes. This causes diseases such as TB. |
| Gonorrhoea | Spread during sexual intercourse and leads to unpleasant discharge and pain in the penis. It can be treated by antibiotics. |