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Bella D
Biology
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| a stretch of DNA that governs one or more genetic traits. | gene |
| the study of genes | genetics |
| any inherited characteristic of an organism that can be observed or detected in some manner | genetic trait |
| the display of a particular version of a genetic trait in a specific individual | phenotype |
| somatic cells in plants and animals they also possess two copies of each type of chromosome | diploid |
| two copies of chromosomes make up a ______ _____ for each chromosome type | homologous pair |
| one member of the homologous pair is inherited from the male parent | paternal homologue |
| inherited from the female parent | maternal homologue |
| gaetes sperm and eggs are ________ because these sex cells have only one set of chromosome | haploid |
| different versions of a given gene are known as _______ of that gene | alleles |
| the ________ of an individual is the allelic make up of that individual with respect to a specific genetic trait | genotype |
| an individual who carries two copies of the same allele is said to be _____________ for that gene | homozygous |
| an individual whose genotype consists of two different alleles for a given phenotype is said to be _____________ for that gene | heterozygous |
| the allele that exerts a controlling influence on the phenotype, to the point of masking the effect of the allele with witch it is paired | dominant |
| different alleles of a gene arise by ________ which we can define briefly here as any change in the DNA that makes up a gene | mutation |
| a _____________ is a controlled mating experiment performed to examine how a particular trait may be inherited | genetic cross |
| the parent generation in a genetic cross | P generation |
| the first generation of offspring | F1 generation |
| when the individuals of the F1 generation are crossed with each other, the resulting offspring are said to belong to the | F2 generation |
| begins with a set of original, true breeding parents and tracking the phenotype through two generations of ______ offspring | hybrid |
| the _________________________ states that the two copies of a gene are separated during meiosis and end up in different gametes | law of segregation |
| the cross produced by F1 generation composed entirely of ______________, they were all hybrids heterozygotes with respect to the one trait, flower color | monohybrids |
| we can represent the separation of the two copies of a gene during meiosis, and their random recombining through fretilization, using a gridlike diagram | punnett square |
| simultaneously tracked the inheritance of two genteic traits by performing crosses with __________ (individuals heterozygous for two traits) | dihybrids |
| states that when gametes form the two copies of any given gene segregate during meiosis independently of any two alleles of other genes | law of independent assortment |
| when neither allele is able to exert its full effect the heterozygote displays an in between phenotype and the two alleles are said to display | incomplete dominance |
| a pair of alleles can also show ___________, in which the effect of both alleles is equally visable in the phenotype of the heterozygote | codominance |
| the situation in which a single gene influences a variety of different traits | pleiotropy |
| the trem ___________ applies when the phenotypic effect of the alleles of one gene depends on the presence of certain alleles for another independently inherited gene | epistasis |
| most traits are ____________, they are governed by the action of more than one gene | polygenic |
| genetic trait whose pattern of iheritance cannot be predicted by mendels laws of inheritance | complex traits |
| an allele that has no effect on the phenotype when paired with a dominant allele | recessive |
Created by:
tinytina54
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