click below
click below
Normal Size Small Size show me how
*Cell Energy Rev*
Advanced Bio. Ch. 6 Photosynthesis Review
Question | Answer |
---|---|
Plants first came from the ___ to colonize the earth, much like animals. | Ocean |
The need for ___ drives many of the more spectacular plant adaptations; especially in areas where very little is available | Water |
The percent of solar radiation that hits the earth's atmosphere and reaches the surface | 42-43% |
ATP and NADPH generated by the light reactions power the ___ | Calvin Cycle |
Color of the rainbow that has the shortest wavelength | Purple |
Energy currency of the cell | ATP |
Location of the Calvin cycle | Stroma |
Solar energy can be described in terms of it's ___ and energy content | Wavelength |
The ___ wavelengths are screened out by the ozone layer in earth's atmosphere | Higher-energy |
The green pigments found in most plants | Chlorophyll |
The orange, red, yellow pigments found in many plants | Carotenoids |
During the light reactions, the sun's energy is captured and stored in the form of a(n) ___ | Hydrogen ion gradient |
The ___ is a series of carriers that pass electrons from one to the other, releasing energy stored in H+ | Electron transport chain |
(T/F) During CO2 fixation, CO2 from the atmosphere is attached to RuBP and eventually will split into two 3-carbon molecules | T |
(T/F) G3P is the molecule which plants use to produce glucose and other types of organic molecules | T |
(T/F) Glucose is the first carbohydrate produced by the Calvin cycle and may eventually be turned into a variety of other carbohydrates for plant use/storage | F |
(T/F) There is more than one variation of the photosynthetic process carried on by plants in a variety of diverse environments | T |
(T/F) The calvin cycle includes a step called CO2 oxidation | F |
(T/F) The electron transport chain can be found in the stroma of the chloroplast | F |
(T/F) The product of the Calvin cycle is actually G3P which eventually is used to form glucose or a variety of other organic compounds | T |
(T/F) Starch is the main storage form of glucose | T |
Some of the starch that is formed in plants s stored in the roots in organelles called ___ | Amyloplasts |
Area of the chloroplast where the light reactions take place | Thylakoid |
Photosynthesis transforms solar energy into ___ energy | Chemical |
The ___ is the organelle specialized to carry out the process of photosynthesis | Chloroplast |
Many ___ reside in the membranes of the thylakoids and all of them are used to absorb the solar energy available to the organism | Pigments |
___ occurs when a molecule gains hydrogen atoms | Reduction |
___ occurs when a molecule loses hydrogen atoms | Oxidation |
In photosynthesis, CO2 is ___ when it becomes a carbohydrate | Reduced |
When electrons in the reaction center of PS1 are passed to an energy-acceptor molecule, they are replaced by electrons that have been given up by ___ | Water |
Photosynthesis occurs best at wavelengths that are ___ in color | Blue |
CO2 from the atmosphere enters the leave through the ___ | Stomata |
Calvin cycle requires a lot of ___ which is supplied by ATP and NADPH from the light reactions | Energy |
The photosystems of the electron transport chain are in close proximity to one another to promote high ____ | Efficiency |
Oxygen is generated as a by-product by the ___ of photosynthesis | Light reactions |
During photosynthesis, ___ is oxidized | Water |
Carbon dioxide fixation occurs when CO2 combines with ___ | RuBP |
The enzyme that produces ATP using available ADP and Phosphorus atoms in the thylakoid as well as the H+ gradients | ATP Synthase |
Type of photosynthesis prevalent in plants in dry, arid environments | CAM photosynthesis |
Flattened sacs formed by the inner third membrane of the chloroplast | Thylakoids |
Fluid-filled area within the double membrane of the chloroplast | Stroma |
Form the foundation of all food web/food chains | Producers |
Only source of energy for most organisms on earth | Carbohydrates |
Reactions that involve both the removal and addition of electrons/H+ | Redox reactions |
Small openings on the underneath surface of the leaf | Stomata |
Stacks of thylakoids | Grana |
Green plans appear green because they ___ visible light at that particular wavelength | Reflect |
The shortest wavelength in the visible spectrum is ___ | Purple |
The longest wavelength in the visible spectrum is ____ | Red |
Solar radiation can be described in terms of it's ___ and it's energy | Wavelength |
Plants which thrive in environments where temperature and rainfall tend to be moderate | C3 plants |
Most photosynthetic organisms on earth carry out ___ photosynthesis | C3 |
When the weather is hot/dry, ___ tend to be more efficient/productive | C4 |
What is the main advantage that CAM plants have over C4 plants? | Water conservation |
In a C4 leaf, chloroplasts are located in the mesophyll cells as well as the ___ cells which surround the leaf vein | Bundle sheath |
C4 plant leaves have mesophyll cells arranged ___ around the bundle sheath cells | Concentrically |
In C4 plants, the Calvin cycle occurs only in the ____ | Bundle sheath cells |
C4 plants are able to avoid the uptake of ___ by rubisco. | Oxygen |
Are, in most plants, arranged in parallels rows containing well-formed chloroplasts and free space | Mesophyll cells |
In C3 plants, CO2 is taken up by the ___ directly in mesophyll cells | Calvin cycle |
___ are more sensitive to cold than are the other types of plants | C4 plants |
C4 plants represent partitioning in "space" and ___ represent partitioning by the use of time | CAM plants |
Scientists have evidence of C4 plants dating back to ___, which makes them relatively young with a relatively recent adaptation | 25MYA |
Only __% of plant species on earth are C4 plants | Four |
Scientists believe that around 3.5 billion years ago, ___ appeared and churned out oxygen as a by-product resulting in earth's breathable atmosphere | Cyanobacteria |
___ enters a leaf by means of leaf veins | Water |
Transforms solar energy into chemical energy stored in chemical bonds | Photosynthesis |
The relationship between producers and ___ is a fundamental part of the intricate web of life | Consumers |
Water initially enters the plant's system via the ___ | Roots |
Which photosystem is responsible for producing ATP? | Photosystem two |
Which photosystem is responsible for producing NADPH? | Photosystem one |
The highly concentrated region found in the photosystems were solar energy is focused and energizes electrons which enter the ETC | Reaction center |
Nonprotein helpers of enzymes | Coenzymes |
For every three turns of the Calvin cycle, five molecules of G3P are used to reform ___ molecules of RuBP to be used to continue the cycle | 3 |
Compared with animal cells, algae and plants have enormous ___ capabilities; meaning they can make all the molecules they need from a G3P molecules | Biochemical |