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*Cell Energy Rev*
Advanced Bio. Ch. 6 Photosynthesis Review
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Plants first came from the ___ to colonize the earth, much like animals. | Ocean |
| The need for ___ drives many of the more spectacular plant adaptations; especially in areas where very little is available | Water |
| The percent of solar radiation that hits the earth's atmosphere and reaches the surface | 42-43% |
| ATP and NADPH generated by the light reactions power the ___ | Calvin Cycle |
| Color of the rainbow that has the shortest wavelength | Purple |
| Energy currency of the cell | ATP |
| Location of the Calvin cycle | Stroma |
| Solar energy can be described in terms of it's ___ and energy content | Wavelength |
| The ___ wavelengths are screened out by the ozone layer in earth's atmosphere | Higher-energy |
| The green pigments found in most plants | Chlorophyll |
| The orange, red, yellow pigments found in many plants | Carotenoids |
| During the light reactions, the sun's energy is captured and stored in the form of a(n) ___ | Hydrogen ion gradient |
| The ___ is a series of carriers that pass electrons from one to the other, releasing energy stored in H+ | Electron transport chain |
| (T/F) During CO2 fixation, CO2 from the atmosphere is attached to RuBP and eventually will split into two 3-carbon molecules | T |
| (T/F) G3P is the molecule which plants use to produce glucose and other types of organic molecules | T |
| (T/F) Glucose is the first carbohydrate produced by the Calvin cycle and may eventually be turned into a variety of other carbohydrates for plant use/storage | F |
| (T/F) There is more than one variation of the photosynthetic process carried on by plants in a variety of diverse environments | T |
| (T/F) The calvin cycle includes a step called CO2 oxidation | F |
| (T/F) The electron transport chain can be found in the stroma of the chloroplast | F |
| (T/F) The product of the Calvin cycle is actually G3P which eventually is used to form glucose or a variety of other organic compounds | T |
| (T/F) Starch is the main storage form of glucose | T |
| Some of the starch that is formed in plants s stored in the roots in organelles called ___ | Amyloplasts |
| Area of the chloroplast where the light reactions take place | Thylakoid |
| Photosynthesis transforms solar energy into ___ energy | Chemical |
| The ___ is the organelle specialized to carry out the process of photosynthesis | Chloroplast |
| Many ___ reside in the membranes of the thylakoids and all of them are used to absorb the solar energy available to the organism | Pigments |
| ___ occurs when a molecule gains hydrogen atoms | Reduction |
| ___ occurs when a molecule loses hydrogen atoms | Oxidation |
| In photosynthesis, CO2 is ___ when it becomes a carbohydrate | Reduced |
| When electrons in the reaction center of PS1 are passed to an energy-acceptor molecule, they are replaced by electrons that have been given up by ___ | Water |
| Photosynthesis occurs best at wavelengths that are ___ in color | Blue |
| CO2 from the atmosphere enters the leave through the ___ | Stomata |
| Calvin cycle requires a lot of ___ which is supplied by ATP and NADPH from the light reactions | Energy |
| The photosystems of the electron transport chain are in close proximity to one another to promote high ____ | Efficiency |
| Oxygen is generated as a by-product by the ___ of photosynthesis | Light reactions |
| During photosynthesis, ___ is oxidized | Water |
| Carbon dioxide fixation occurs when CO2 combines with ___ | RuBP |
| The enzyme that produces ATP using available ADP and Phosphorus atoms in the thylakoid as well as the H+ gradients | ATP Synthase |
| Type of photosynthesis prevalent in plants in dry, arid environments | CAM photosynthesis |
| Flattened sacs formed by the inner third membrane of the chloroplast | Thylakoids |
| Fluid-filled area within the double membrane of the chloroplast | Stroma |
| Form the foundation of all food web/food chains | Producers |
| Only source of energy for most organisms on earth | Carbohydrates |
| Reactions that involve both the removal and addition of electrons/H+ | Redox reactions |
| Small openings on the underneath surface of the leaf | Stomata |
| Stacks of thylakoids | Grana |
| Green plans appear green because they ___ visible light at that particular wavelength | Reflect |
| The shortest wavelength in the visible spectrum is ___ | Purple |
| The longest wavelength in the visible spectrum is ____ | Red |
| Solar radiation can be described in terms of it's ___ and it's energy | Wavelength |
| Plants which thrive in environments where temperature and rainfall tend to be moderate | C3 plants |
| Most photosynthetic organisms on earth carry out ___ photosynthesis | C3 |
| When the weather is hot/dry, ___ tend to be more efficient/productive | C4 |
| What is the main advantage that CAM plants have over C4 plants? | Water conservation |
| In a C4 leaf, chloroplasts are located in the mesophyll cells as well as the ___ cells which surround the leaf vein | Bundle sheath |
| C4 plant leaves have mesophyll cells arranged ___ around the bundle sheath cells | Concentrically |
| In C4 plants, the Calvin cycle occurs only in the ____ | Bundle sheath cells |
| C4 plants are able to avoid the uptake of ___ by rubisco. | Oxygen |
| Are, in most plants, arranged in parallels rows containing well-formed chloroplasts and free space | Mesophyll cells |
| In C3 plants, CO2 is taken up by the ___ directly in mesophyll cells | Calvin cycle |
| ___ are more sensitive to cold than are the other types of plants | C4 plants |
| C4 plants represent partitioning in "space" and ___ represent partitioning by the use of time | CAM plants |
| Scientists have evidence of C4 plants dating back to ___, which makes them relatively young with a relatively recent adaptation | 25MYA |
| Only __% of plant species on earth are C4 plants | Four |
| Scientists believe that around 3.5 billion years ago, ___ appeared and churned out oxygen as a by-product resulting in earth's breathable atmosphere | Cyanobacteria |
| ___ enters a leaf by means of leaf veins | Water |
| Transforms solar energy into chemical energy stored in chemical bonds | Photosynthesis |
| The relationship between producers and ___ is a fundamental part of the intricate web of life | Consumers |
| Water initially enters the plant's system via the ___ | Roots |
| Which photosystem is responsible for producing ATP? | Photosystem two |
| Which photosystem is responsible for producing NADPH? | Photosystem one |
| The highly concentrated region found in the photosystems were solar energy is focused and energizes electrons which enter the ETC | Reaction center |
| Nonprotein helpers of enzymes | Coenzymes |
| For every three turns of the Calvin cycle, five molecules of G3P are used to reform ___ molecules of RuBP to be used to continue the cycle | 3 |
| Compared with animal cells, algae and plants have enormous ___ capabilities; meaning they can make all the molecules they need from a G3P molecules | Biochemical |
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SavannahElkins
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