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UKCD DentAnat Exam 2

Descriptions of Muscles involved in mastication

QuestionAnswer
Shape: Masseter Muscle Rectangle
Divided: Masseter Muscle 2 portions: superficial (downward and backward) and deep (vertical)
Origin: Masseter Muscle inferior border of zygomatic arch
Insertion: Masseter Muscle lateral aspect of the lower border of the ramus of the mandible
Function: Masseter Muscle elevates the mandible and brings teeth in contact, in particular the superficial portion is involved in protrusion and stabilizing the condyle
Shape: Temporalis Muscle fan
Origin: Temporalis Muscle temporal fossa and lateral surface of the skull
Insertion: Temporalis Muscle coronoid process and anterior border of the ascending ramus
Function: Temporalis Muscle Elevates the mandible and brings teeth in contact
Divided: Temporalis Muscle Anterior Portion, Middle Portion, Posterior Portion
Anterior Portion of the Temporalis Muscle vertical fibers, elevates mandible
Middle Portion of the Temporalis Muscle oblique fibers, elevates and retrudes the mandible
Posterior Portion of the Temporalis Muscle horizontal fibers, controversal- retrudes?
Origin: Medial Pterygoid Muscle pterygoid fossa
insertion: Medial Pterygoid Muscle medial surface of the mandibular angle
Function: Medial Pterygoid Muscle elevates the mandible and brings the teeth in contact, protrusion
Divided: Lateral Pterygoid Muscle superior Lateral Pterygoid Muscle and inferior Lateral Pterygoid Muscle
Origin: superior Lateral Pterygoid Muscle infratemporal surface of the great sphenoid wing
Insertion: superior Lateral Pterygoid Muscle articular capsule disk and neck of the condyle (60-70%)
Function: superior Lateral Pterygoid Muscle activated with the elevator muscles: power stroke (chewing/clenching)and when teeth are held together
Origin: Inferior Lateral Pterygoid Muscle outer surface of the lateral pterygoid plate
Insertion: Inferior Lateral Pterygoid Muscle neck of the condyle
Function: Inferior Lateral Pterygoid Muscle bilateral contraction: protrusion of the mandible vertical contraction: lateral movement of the mandible to the contralateral side
Divided: Suprahyoids glenlohyoid mylohyoid stylohyoid diagastric
Origin: Suprahyoids mandible
Insertion: Suprahyoids hyoid
Function: Suprahyoids depress mandible
Divided: Diagastric anterior belly posterior belly
Origin: Anterior Belly of the Diagastric fossa on the lingual surface of the mandible
Insertion: Anterior Belly of the Diagastric intermediate tendon/hyoid bone
Function: Anterior Belly of the Diagastric bilateral contraction: mandible is depressed and pulled backwards-> teeth are brought out of contact raise the hyoid bone in conjunction with supra and infrahyoid muscles
Origin: Posterior Belly of the Diagastric fossa on the lingual surface of the mandible
Insertion: Posterior Belly of the Diagastric intermediate tendon/hyoid bone
Function: Posterior Belly of the Diagastric bilateral contraction: mandible is depressed and pulled backwards-> teeth are brought out of contact raise the hyoid bone in conjunction with supra and infrahyoid muscles
Divided: Infrahyoids thyrohyoid sternohyoid sternothyroid Omohyoid
Origin: Infrahyoids hyoid
Insertion: Infrahyoids calvicle
Funcction: Infrahyoids depress and stabilize the hyoid bone so the suprahyoids may act as accessory depressors of the mandible
Created by: wiechartm
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