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18-4 Recycling
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| biogeochemical cycle | process when substances pass between the living and nonliving worlds |
| groundwater | water in the soil or underground formations of porous rocks |
| water cycle | movement of water between various reservoirs |
| transpiration | process when evaporated water from terrestrial ecosystems pass through plants |
| carbon cycle | biogeochemical cycle where photosynthesis and cellular respiration are its basis; short-term |
| nitrogen cycle | complex pathway that nitrogen follows in an ecosystem |
| nitrogen fixation | process of converting N₂gas to nitrate |
| nitrogen- fixing bacteria | organisms rely on this to transform nitrogen gas into a usable form |
| ammonification | process where decomposers break down waste materials and release the nitrogen they contain as ammonia, NH , which in soil becomes ammonium, NH + |
| nitrification | process where soil bacteria take up ammonium and oxidize it into nitrites, NO₂-, and nitrates, NO₃- |
| denitrification | process where nitrogen is returned to the atmosphere |
| phosphorous cycle | movement of phosphorous from the environment to organisms and then back to the environment |