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vocab

Vocabdefion
Photosyntheis The process by which light energy is converted to chemical energy
autotrophs Organisms that use energy from sunlight or from chemical bonds in inorganic substances to make organic compounds
heterotrophs Organisms that must get energy from food instead of directly from sunlight or inorganic substances
Cellular respiration a metabolic process similar to burning fuel
pigments These structures con- tain light-absorbing substances
Chlorophyll the primary pigment involved in photosynthesis, absorbs mostly blue and red light and reflects green and yellow light.
carotenoids The pigments that produce yellow and orange fall leaf colors, as well as the colors of many fruits, vegetables, and flowers,
thylakoids Clusters of pigments are embedded in the membranes of disk-shaped structures
electron transport chains The series of molecules through which excited electrons are passed along a thylakoid membrane
NADPH an electron carrier that provides the high- energy electrons needed to make carbon-hydrogen bonds in the third stage of photosynthesis
carbon dioxide fixation transfer of carbon dioxide to organic compounds
Calvin cycle a series of enzyme-assisted chemical reactions that produces a three-carbon sugar
aerobic Metabolic processes that require oxygen
anaerobic Metabolic processes that do not require oxygen
glycolysis In the first stage of cellular respiration, glucose is bro- ken down in the cytoplasm during a process
NADH This forms an electron carrier
Krebs cycle Acetyl-CoA enters a series of enzyme-assisted reactions
FADH2 another type of electron carrier.
fermentation The recycling of NAD+ using an organic hydrogen acceptor
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