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AP Biology
Chapter 7 Cellular Respiration
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Identify some specific processes the cell does with ATP. | Glycolysis goes through a process to make ATP |
| Explain why ATP is such a "high energy" molecule. | Because it's created from reactions like Glycolysis |
| How does ATP "couple reactions"? | The energy released by exergonic reactions fuel endergonic reactions |
| What is the name of enzymes which phosphorylate molecules? | NADH |
| Oxidation | The loss of one or more electrons by an atom, ion, or molecule |
| Reduction | The gain of one or more electrons by an atom, ion, or molecule |
| What is the role of NAD+ & FAD+2 is respiration? | Electron carriers that transport electrons to where they need to go to make ATP |
| Explain why respiration is considered exergonic. | Can happen with O² and it is in cytosol |
| Glycolysis | starts with glucose and produces pyruvate |
| The Kreb's cycle takes place in the: | mitochondrial matrix |
| Pyruvate is converted to | 2C before the Krebs cycle |
| The Electron Transport Chain is located in the: | mitochondria |
| Describe the role of the Electron Transport Chain. What happens to the electrons and H+? | Proteins pass electrons from one carrier protein to the next |
| What is chemiomosis and how is it generated? | Electron transport and ATP synthesis are coupled by means of a proton gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane in eukaryote |
| How does the mitochondrion generate ATP? | ADP is added with Pi and then you get ATP |
| What happens to most of the energy released during cell respiration? | It is recycled and used again |
| Alcholic fermentation converts glucose to: | Ethanol |
| Alcholic fermentation is utilized by what organisms? | Bacteria, yeast |
| Lactic acid fermentation converts glucose to: | Lactate |
| Lactic acid fermentation is utilized by what organisms? | Animals, some fungi |
| Identify example of negative feedback. | Electron not carried |
| Identify example of positive feedback. | An electron transport chain |
| Write the summary equation for cellular respiration. | C6 H12 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O + ≈ 36ATD |
| Where did the glucose come from? | Photosynthesis |
| Where did the O2 come from? | From plants |
| Where did the CO2 come from? | Food we eat |
| Where did the H2O come from? | Oxygen being final electron receptor |
| Where did the ATP come from? | Glycolysis, etc, chemiomosis |
| What else is produced that is not listed in this equation? | NADH and NADH2 |
| What was the evolutionary advantage of the proto-eukaryotes that engulfed aerobic bacteria but did not digest them? | They were bigger that the aerobic bacteria that they engulfed |
| Why do we eat? | To live and put energy back in our body |
| Why do we breathe? | To bring in oxygen and get rid of carbon dioxide |
| Respiration | The opposite process extracting that stored energy from glucose to form ATP |
| Cytochromes | Modified proteins that participate as carrier proteins in the chain |
| Oxygen | The last electron acceptor at the end of the chain |
| Forms water | ½O2 accepts the two electrons along with 2 H+ |
| What is the value of the alcoholic fermentation pathway? | It replenishes NAD+ so that glycolysis can produce ATP. |
| What is the purpose of oxygen in aerobic respiration? | Oxygen accepts electrons at the end of an electron transport chain. |
| Which of the following sequences correctly indicates the potential ATP yield of the indicated molecules from greatest ATP yield to least ATP yield? | Glucose, pyruvate, acetyl CoA, NADH |
| Glycolysis | decomposition of glucose to pyruvate |
| Lactate (lactic acid) fermentation | Transfers hydrogen atoms to pyruvate reducing it to lactate |
| Pyruvate | 3 carbon molecule |
| ATP | common source of activation energy for metabolic reactions |
| Aerobic respiration | respiration in the presense of O2 |
| Electron transport chain | Consists of proteins that pass electrons from one carrier protein to the next |
| Catabolism | Releases energy by splitting complex molecules into smaller components |
| Anabolism | Synthesis of complex molecules from simpler building blocks (helps maintain cell or organism) |
| Alchol fermentation | Yeasts that carry out aerobic respiration when oxygen is not available |
| Mitochondria | Membrane enclosed organelle found in most eukaryotic cells (generates most of the cell's supply of ATP) |
| Proton motive force | Movement of hydrogen+ through ATP synthesis powering production of ATP |
| Chemiosmosis | Build up of H+, so that H+ flow through ATP synthase enzyme to build ATP |
Created by:
crescenti
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