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chemical groups
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| functional groups | they are: hydroxyl, carbonyl, carboxyl, amino, phosphate. They are polar hydrophilicgroups that affect a moleucule's function by participating in chemical reactions |
| hydroxyl group | a hydroxyl bonded to a carbon skeleton (alcohols) |
| carbonyl group | a carbon atom double bonded to an oxygen (if it's at the end of skeleton: aldehyde; in the chain; ketone) |
| carboxyl | carbon double bonded to oxygen and a hydroxyl group. They are acids because the carboxyl group gives a hudrogen to a solution |
| amino group | anitrogen bonded to 2 hydrogen atoms and the carbon skeleton. It acts as a base by picking up a hudrogen from a solution |
| phosphate group | a phophorus atom bonded to 4 oxygen atoms` |
| methyl | carbon bonded to three hydrogens (not functional) when added with DNA affects expression of genes |
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