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PSYCHOLOGY
CHAPTER 13 - Personality
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| personality | an individual's unique, relatively consistent pattern of thinking, feeling, and behaving |
| id | in Freud's theory, the part of the personality that contains inborn biological drives and that seeks immediate gratification |
| pleasure principle | the process by which the id seeks immediate gratification of its impulses |
| ego | in frued's theory, the part of the personality that helps the individual adapt to external reality by making compromises between the id, the superego, and the environment |
| reality principle | the process by which the ego directs the individual to express sexual and aggresive impulses in socially acceptable ways |
| superego | in freud's theory, the part of the personality that acts as a moral guide telling us what we should and should not do |
| defense mechanism | in freud's theory, a process that distorts reality to prevent the individual from being overwhelmed by anxiety |
| libido | freud's term for the sexual energy of the id |
| oral stage | in freud's theory, the stage of personality development between birth and age 1 year, during which the infant gains pleasure from oral activities and faces a conflict over weaning |
| anal stage | in freud's theory, the stage of personality development between ages 1 and 3, during which the child gains pleasure from defecation and faces a conflict over toilet training |
| phallic stage | in freud's thoery, the stage of personality development between ages 3 and 5, during which the child gains pleasure from the genitals and must resolve the Oedipus complex |
| Oedipus complex | in freud's theory, a conflict, during the phallic stage, between the child's sexual desire for the parent of the opposite sex and fear of punishment from the same-sex parent |
| electra complex | a term used by some psychoanalysts, but not by freud, to refer to the oedipus complex in girls |
| latency stage | in freud's theory, the state between age 5 and puberty, during which there is little psychosexual development |
| genital stage | in freud's theory, the last stage of personality development, associated with puberty, during which the individual develops erotic attachments to others |
| personal unconscious | in jung's theory, the individual's own unconscious mind, which contains repressed memories |
| collective unconscious | in jung's theory, the unconscious mind that is shared by all human beings and that contains archetypal images passed down from our prehistoric ancestors |
| archetypes | in jung's theory, inherited images that are passed down from our prehistoric ancestors and that reveal themselves as universal symbols in art, dreams, and religion |
| extravert | a person who is socially outgoing and prefers to pay attention to the external environment |
| introvert | a person who is socially reserved and refers to pay attention to his or her private mental experiences |
| projective test | a freudian personality test based on the assumption that individuals project their unconscious feelings when responding to ambiguous stimuli |
| trait | a relatively enduring, cross-situationally consistent personality characteristic that is inferred from a person's behavior |
| self-efficacy | in bandura's theory, a person's belief that she or he cna perform behaviors that are necessary to bring about a desired outcome |
| collective efficacy | people's perception that with collaborative effort the group will obtain its desired outcome |
| self-schema | in schema theory, specialized cognitve structures about the self |
| self-actualization | in Maslow's theory, the individuals predisposition to try to fulfill her or his potentials |
| temperament | a person's characteristic emotional state, first apparent in early infancy and possibly inborn |
| somatotype | in sheldon's theory, a physique associated with a particular temperament |
Created by:
Jessica C
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