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Psychopharm Neuro 2

detailed

QuestionAnswer
indirect agonist noncompetitive
monoamines catecholamines and indolamines
catecholamines dopamine and (nor)epinephrine
indolamines serotonin
amino acids glutamate, GAGA, glycine
agonism facilitates effects of NT on postsyn cell
methods agonism precursor/stimulate release of NT/stim of postsyn rec/block auto-rec/block reuptake/block degradation
methods of antagonism prevent NT storage/inhibit NT release/block postsyn rec/deact synth enzyme/stim auto-rec
Acetylcholine CNS/neuromuscular junction/excitatory
ACh made from acetate and choline
ACh involved in learning and memory/ mod sensory (arousal/mood/REM)
Cholinergic receptors (agonist=ACh) muscarinic and nicotinic
muscarinic blocked by atropine/metabotrophic/open or close K/CA/Cl
nicotinic blocked by curare/ ionotrophic/KCACl
synthesis of ACh acetate + choline = ACh + CoA / choline-rate limiting/from blood/ in syn terminals
ACh synthesis enzyme ChAT
breakdown of ACh cholinesterase
acetylcholinesterase quick/efficient/antagonists- physo, organo
Cholinergic Pathways neuromus=mvmt/pons=REM sleep/forebrain=learning/medial septal=hippocampus mod/striatal interneurons
terminal release vs axonal varicosity contained vs diffused
ACh in disease Myasthenia/Alzheimer's/Huntington's
Myathenia and ACh loss of nicotine rec in muscle (motor)
Huntington'S and ACh degen of striatal interneurons/motor and cognitive
Alzheimer's sever cognitive/hippocampus and cortex
botulism antaagonist to ACh
black widow spider venom agonist
DA dopamine
NE Norepinephrine
Epi Epinephrine
5-HT serotonin
Synthesis of Catecholamines Tyrosine from diet/L-dope (BBB cross)/dopamine precursor for norepinephrine
Dopamine IPSP or EPSP (location)/mvmt/att/learning/reinforcement/Park and Schizo
Dopamine Termination reuptake by DAT/degr by MAO and COMT
dopamine receptors D1-D5/1 and 2 most common
D2 pre and post syn
D3 and D4 subtypes of D2 in limbic areas
D5 subtype of D1/ limbic/ stim adenylyl cyclase
Dopaminergic pathways Nigrostriatal/Mesolimbic/Mesocortical
Nigrostriatal SN to nigrostriatum/ Park/ motor
Mesolimbic Ventral Tegmental Area to Limbic/ reinforcement
Mesocortical VTA to prefrontal cortex/memory/ planning/problem solving
Norepinephrine ANS/attention/ motor/affect/axonal varicosities (large amnts)
NE synthesis dopamine to NE by dopamine beta-hydroxylase
NE termination MAO/ reuptake by DAT
NE pathways main originates in locus coeruleus/ to cerebellum/hippocampus/ amygdala/neocortex
NE receptors adrenergic (NE and Epi)/beta and alpha 1 & 2/ all also found outside NS
NE beta 1 & 2 increase responsiveness/agonistic
NE alpha 1 & 2 depol/hyperpol
serotonin 5-HT becomes serotonin/midbrain and brainstem/axonal varicosities
serotonin pathway originates in raphe nucleus/ to cerebellum/limbic/ neocortex
serotonin functions reg of mood/ sleep/eating / arousal/ pain
serotonin receptors serotonergic/
sero and fenfluramine agonist (release)
sero and LSD agonist
sero and PCPA antagonist
sero and Fluoxetine SSRI
Amino acid transmitters I- GABA & Glycine / E- Glutamate/ Aspartic acid
Glutamate breakdown of glucose/into glutamine for no effect/astrocyte reup
glutamate distribution hippo cortex spinal
glutamate functions cognitive/ motor/ toxicity/ plasticity
glutamate receptors NMDA/AMPA/Kainate
NMDA Ca ionotrophic
AMPA Na iono/ most common
Kainate Na metabo
NMDA sub glycine/ Mg/ Polyamine/ Zn/ PCP
NMDA sub glycine channel opening
NMDA sub Mg Ca flow
NMDA to work glutamate and glycine and mem depol (+)
GABA glutamate to GABA by GAD/ breakdown by GABA- T
glycine spinal cord
GABA receptors GABA A and B
GABA A receptor iontrophic/ Cl-/ common/ Benzo=red pain/barb/ alcohol/picrotoxins
GABA B receptor metabo/K+ channel
GABA A distribution cortex/ hippo/cerebellum
GABA B distribution amygdala/valproic acid= schizo and bipolar
neuromodulators peptide/ opiods/nucleotides/NO
peptides amino acids linked/endogenous
opiods pain relief
nucleotides adenosine/inhib/ caffeine-antagonist
NO- nitric oxide signaling molecule/learning/ degen
Created by: olgakaczma
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