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Psychology Q1
Gen Psych Amy Posey
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Psychology | the scientific study of behavior and mental processes; encompasses people's thoughts, emotions, perceptions, reasoning, processes, memories, biological activities |
| Behavioral Nueroscience | study of how brain & nervous system impact behavior |
| Cognitive Psychology | higher mental processes |
| Structuralism | focus on uncovering the fundamental mental components of consciousness, thinking, etc. 1879, Wilhelm's Wundt's approach |
| introspection | this procedure to study the structure of the mind has subjects describe in detail what they are experiencing when exposed to stimulus Used by Structuralists such as Wundt |
| Functionalism | an early approach to psychology that concentrated on what the mind does--the functions of mental activity--and the role of behavior in allowing people to adapt to their environments. "stream of consciousness". led by American William James early 190 |
| Gestalt Psychology | An approach to psychology that focuses on the organization of perception and thinking in a "whole" sense rather than on the individual elements of perception Early 1900s |
| Neuroscience | studies behavior from perspective of the biological functions of brain, nervous system, etc. |
| Psychodynamic | Approach based on the view that behavior is motivated by unconscious inner forces over which the individual has little control Sigmund Freud late 19th, early 20th cent |
| Behavioral Perspective | Observable, measurable behavior should be the focus of study; observing the outer person. You are the product of your environment--at extreme, there is no free will 1920-1950 |
| Cognitive Perspective | the approach that focuses on how people think, understand, and know about the world. |
| Humanistic Perspective | the approach that suggests that all individuals naturally strive to grow, develop, and be in control of their lives and behavior. Focus on re-empowerment, individualism. At end of day, free will exists |
| Psychology's key issues and contraversies | nature vs nurture conscious vs unconscious observable behavior vs internal mental processes free will vs determinism Individual differences vs universal principles |
| 4 Primary goals of Psychology | Describe, Predict, Explain, Change |
| Basic Research | Answer question because no previous research on that particular subject |
| Applied Research | Basic is jumping off point Applied to real life areas |
| clinical psychology | mentor people with mental illness |
| Psychiatrist | Can prescribe meds |
| Counseling | Work with people that have more normal problems (marriage, relationships, self-improvement) |
| 4 Main Steps Psychology research | 1. identify questions of interest 2. formulate an explanation 3. carry out research designed to support or refute explanation 4. Communicate the findings |
| Theories | Broad explanations & predictions concerning phenomina of interest |
| Operational Definition | the translation of a hypothesis into specific, testable procedures that can be measured and observed |
| Archival research | Descriptive research Research in which existing data, such as census documents and college records are examined to test a hypothesis Drawbacks: inacuracy, availability of records |
| naturalistic observation | research using observation of naturally occuring behavior without making a change in the situation. Lack of control. |
| Survey Research | people chosen to represent a larger population are asked a series of questions about their behavior, thoughts, or attitudes Requires equal representation of population. Must be random. |
| Case Study | An in-depth, intensive investigation of an individual or small group of people. Often invalid for generalizations. |
| Correlational Research | Research in which the relationship between two sets of variables is examined to determine whether they are associated or "correlated" |
| variables | behaviors, events, or other characteristics that can change or vary in some way |
| experimental manipulation | the change made by a researcher |
| treatment | the manipulation implemented by the experimenter |
| Independant variable | the variable that is manipulated by an experimenter |
| dependant variable | the variable that is measured & is expected to change as a result of changes caused by the independant variable |
| meta-analaysis | combining results of many separate studies into one overall conclusion |
| placebo | a false treatment, such as a sugar pill |
| Elements of Critical Thinking | 1. Ask questions 2. Define terms 3. Examine evidence 4. Avoid emotional reasoning 5. Consider other interpretations |
| Institutional Review Board (IRB) | evaluates research proposals w/respect to ethics . Only approval goes through, experimenters cannot collect data. |
| Dopamine | inhibitory or excitatory neurotransmitter; Movement control, pleasure and reward, attention |
| Serotonin | inhibitory neurotransmitter Sleeping, eating, mood, pain, depression |
| Endorphins | primarily inhibitory neurotransmitter Pain suppression, pleasurable feelings, appetites, placebos |
| acetylcholine ( ACh) | one of most common neurotransmitters |
| Sensory area of the Cortex | Includes three regions: 1. corresponds to body sensations 2. relating to sight 3. relating to sound |
| Frontal lobe | Part of Cerebral Cortex that includes: motor functions, impulse control, and memory |
| Parietal Lobe | Part of Cerebral Cortex that involves controlling speech, information processing, and cognition |
| Temporal Lobe | Part of Cerebral Cortex that controls hearing, memory, and emotional responses |
| Occipital Lobe | Part of Cerebral Cortex that controls vision and color recognition |
| corpus callosum | Bridge of fibers passing info btwn the two cerebral hemispheres. |
Created by:
Eirian
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