Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Jeffers Chapter 14
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Norms | Rules (impicit or explicit) that govern the behavior of groups |
| Deindividuation | loss of self-awareness and self-restraint in situations that promote high arousal and anonymity in groups |
| Diffusion of responsibility | An explanation of the failure of bystander intervention-when several bystanders are present, no one person assumes responsibility |
| Norm of Reciprocity | Compliance Strategy. Occurs when someone think they should do something nice for someone who has done something nice for them. |
| Social Facilitation | People perform tasks better in front of an audience than they do when they are alone |
| Social Impairment | Being watched by others hurts performance-especially if performing a newly learned, or highly difficult task |
| Conformity | The tendency of people to go a long with the views or actions of others. |
| Social Loafing | Social phenomenon where individuals do not put in as much effort when acting as part of a group as when they are acting alone |
| Group Polarization | Tendency of a group to make more extreme decisions than the group would make individually |
| Groupthink | Tendency for some groups to make bad decisions. No one wants to be the lone dissenter. |
| Stanley Milgram | Known for the highly controversial experiment on obedience. |
| Social Context | The real, imagined or symbolic presence of others; the activities and interactions that take place among people; the settings in which behavior occurs. |
| script | A schema for an event (how something normally "plays out". |
| Solomon Asch | Known for his conformity experiments. Subjects conformed one third of the time when the confederates voted unanimously |
| Festinger | Known for his cognitive dissonance study |
| Latane and Darly | Emergency situation created to test people's helping behavior (bystander intervention) |
| Philip Zimbardo | Simulated a prison setting at Stanford University and assign "roles" of prisoner and guards |
| Foot-in-the Door Technique | Form of compliance-a small request leads to a larger request |
| Low ball technique | Offers an initially low price, the "ups the ante" with additional costs one would assume would be included. |
| Door-in-the-face technique | Compliance strategy-make an outlandish request and follow it up with a smaller, more reasonable request |
| Moriarity's theft studies | People more likely to intervene if someone asked them to "keep an eye" on their belongings |
| Muzafer Sherif | Robber's Cave study-demonstrated the importance of cooperation amongst groups |
| superordinate goals | shared goals that overide differences among people and require cooperation |
| Frustration-aggression hypothesis | The idea that a frustrating situation will lead to aggressive behavior |
| Just-world Phenomenon | The tendency to believe that people get what they deserve and deserve what they get. This is why many "blame the victim" |
| Aggression | Any physical or verbal behavior that is intended to hurt or destroy |
| Ingroup | "Us"-people with whom we share a common identity |
| Outgroup | "Them"-those perceived different than us |
| Ingroup bias | Tendency to favor our own group |
| Scapegoat Theory | Theory that prejudice offers an outlet for anger by providing someone to blame |
| stereotypes | generalized beliefs about a group of people; old people are bad drivers, blonds are ditzy, etc. |
| Discrimination | taking an action against a group of people because of stereotyped beliefs and prejudice |
| Prejudice | Unjustifiable attitude toward a group and its members We "pre-judge" usually based on stereotypes |
| John Darley and Bibb Latane | Psychologists who studied the circumstances that determine when a bystander will intervene on behalf of another person |
| Altrusim | A display of genuine and unselfish concern for the welfare of others |
| Mere exposure effect | Phenomenon that repeated exposure to a novel stimuli increases liking them |
| Passionate love | Aroused state of intense positive absorption in another-usually present at the beginning of a relationship |
| Companionate Love | Deep affectionate attachment we feel for those with who our lives are intertwined |
| Minority Influence | The power of one individual who goes up against majority rule or resistance |
| Self-fulfilling prophecy | When we believe something about others, or ourselves, and we act in ways to make that belief come true |
| Cognitive dissonance theory | Theory that we act to reduce the discomfort we feel when our thoughts are inconsistent with our actions. |
| Attitude | A belief or feeling that predisposes you to respond in a particular way to people |
| Central Route of Persuasion | involves being persuaded by the arguments or the content of the message. For example, after hearing a political debate you may decide to vote for a candidate because you found the candidates views and arguments very convincing |
| Peripheral route of persuasion | involves being persuaded in a manner that is not based on the arguments or the message content. For example, after reading a political debate you may decide to vote for a candidate because you like the sound of the person's voice |
| Robert Sternberg's Triarchic Theory of Love | Love is made up of intimacy, passion, and committment. |
| Aronson and Gonzales | Devised a teaching strategy, "Jigsaw Classroom" response to desegregation |
| Ethnocentrism | belief that our culture is superior to others |
| Self-serving bias | to take personal credit for our own achievements and blame failures on situational factors |
| Actor-Observer bias | tendency to attribute our behaviors to situational factors and others' behaviors to dispositional factors |
| Social Roles | ascribed social positions and defined behavior expectations in groups |
| Fundamental Attribution Error | Occurs when people tend to overestimate the importance of dispositional factors and underestimate the role of situational factors |
| False-Consensus effect | Tendency for people to overestimate the number of people who agree with them |
| Chameleon effect | Our tendency to mimic or imitate others |
| Jigsaw Classroom | A classroom setting designed to reduce prejudice and raise the self-esteem of children by placing them in small, desegregated groups and making each child dependent on the other children in the group to learn the course material and do well in the class. |
| Optimistic Explanatory style | Accounting for negative events or situations with external (not my fault), unstable (its temporary), and specific explanations |
| Pessimistic Explanatory Style | a tendency to explain bad events that happen in a self-blaming manner |
| Normative Social Influence | Behavior that is motivated by the desire to gain social acceptance and approval. |
| Mirror-image perceptions | Mutual views held by conflicting people; each side sees themselves as ethical and the other side as evil |
| Social Trap | a situation in which conflicting parties, by pursuing their self-interests rather than the good of the group, become caught up in mutually destructive behavior |
| GRIT | Graduated and Reciprocated Initiatives in Tension-Reduction - a strategy designed to decrease international tensions |
| Relative Deprivation | The gap between what people have and what they think they deserve |
| Feel-Good Do-Good Phenomenon | you are more likely to help other people when you are already in a good mood |
Created by:
Jeffers
Popular Psychology sets