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Mod 18 Classical

Exploring Psychology

QuestionAnswer
associative learning learning that two events (two stimuli, in classical conditioning) occur together.
classical conditioning a type of learning in which an organism comes to associate stimuli. A neutral stimulus that signals an unconditioned stimulus (US) begins to produce a response tht prepares for the uncondtioned stimulus. Also called Pavlovian or respondent conditioning.
classical conditioning a type of learning in which an organism comes to associate stimuli. A neutral stimulus that signals an unconditioned stimulus (US) begins to produce a response tht prepares for the uncondtioned stimulus. Also called Pavlovian or respondent conditioning.
learning a relatively permanent change in an organism's behavior due to experience.
behaviorism the view that psychology 1) should be an objective science tht 2) studies behavior without reference to mental processes. Most psychologist agree with 1) but not 2).
"Experimental investigation ...should lay a solid foundation for a future true science of psychology" was said by Ivan Pavlov- Russion scientist who studied learning and how the brain works.
uncondtitioned response (UR) in classical conditioning, the unlearned, naturally occuring response to the uncondtioned stimulus (US) eg. salivation when food is in mouth.
unconditioned stimulus (US) in classical conditioning, a stimulus that uncondtionally (naturally and automatically) triggers a response.
condtioned response (CR) in classical condtioning, the learned response to a previously neutral (but now condtioned) stimulus. (CS)
condtioned stimulus (CS) in classical conditioning, an originally irrelevant stimulus that, after association with an uncondtioned stimulus (US), comes to trigger a conditioned response.
Pavlov's classic experiment A US (food in mouth) produces a UR (salivation.) A neutral stimulus (tone) produces no salivation response. unconditoned stimulus is repeatedly after neutral stimulus. the US produces a UR, NS (tone) now CS, produces CR (salivation)
5 major conditioning processes: acquistion, extinction, spontaneous recovery, generalization, and discrimination.
acquistion the initial learning stage in classical conditioning; the phase associating a neutral stimulus with an unconditioned stimulus so that the neutral stimulus comes to elicit a conditioned response.
Why is classical conditioning biologically adaptive? helps organisms prepare for good or bad events.
extinction the diminishing of a CR when the US does not follow a condtioned stimulus. eg,declining salivation.
spontaneous recovery the reappearance after a puase of an extinguished conditoned response. the smell of onion breath awakens a version of the emotional response.
generalization the tendency once a response has been conditioned for stimuli similar to the conditioned stimulus to elicit similar responses. eg, to fear cars, and trucks (moving vehicles)
discrimination the learned ability to distinguish between a conditioned stimulus and stimuli that do not signal an unconditioned stimulus. eg, fear a pit bull and not a golden retriever.
Robert Rescorla adn Allan Wagner showed that an animal can learn what? predictablity of an event.
John Garcia and Robert Koelling experiment with rats avoiding water from bottles in radiation chambers.rats are biologically disposed to learn associations between taste and a sickness producing drink and will avoid, but not associated with noise.
Pavlov's work is important 1) taught study psychological phenomena objectively 2) conditioning principles to treat fears 3) learning applies similarily across species
taste aversion avoiding something (food or drink) after becoming violently ill. The smell and taste would be the CS for nausea.
Learning (conditioning) enables animals to adapt to their environments, survival.
Charles Darwin assumed that all animals share a common evoltionary history in their makeup and functioning. Pavlov and Watson agreed.
the more the predictable the association the stronger the CR (conditioned response) an expectancy on how likely in event (US) will occur.
Created by: Msmlb_93
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