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Psychology Chapter 3
Chapter 3 Test: Consciousness and the Two-Track Mind
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Consciousness | our awareness of ourselves and our environment |
| dual processing | the principle that information is often simultaneously processed on separate conscious and unconscious tracks. |
| selective attention | the focusing of conscious awareness on a particular stimulus |
| inattentional blindness | failing to see visible objects when our attention is directed elsewhere |
| change blindness | failing to notice changes in the environment |
| circadian rhythm | regular bodily rhythms that occur on a 24-hour cycle |
| REM Sleep | rapid eye movement sleep; a recurring sleep stage during which vivid dreams commonly occur. |
| alpha waves | the relatively slow brain waves of a relaxed, awake state |
| sleep | periodic, natural, reversible loss of consciousness |
| hallucinations | false sensory experiences, such as seeing something in the absence of an external visual stimulus |
| delta waves | the large, slow brain waves associated with deep sleep |
| insomnia | recurring problems in falling or staying asleep |
| narcolepsy | a slieep disorder characterized by uncontrollable sleep attacks. |
| sleep apnea | a sleep disorder characterized by temporary cessations of breathing during sleep and repeated momentary awakenings |
| night terrors | a sleep disorder characterized by high arousal and an appearance of being terrified, unlike nightmares, night terrors occur during stage 4 sleep, within two or three hours of falling asleep, and are seldom remembered. |
| dream | a sequence of images, emotions, and thoughts passing through a sleeping persons mind. |
| hypnosis | a social interaction in which one person suggests to another that certain perceptions, feelings, thoughts, or behaviors will spontaneously occur |
| social influence theory | theory that states that hypnosis is a normal form of social influence and hynotized people act a role of "good subject" |
| divided conscious theory | theory that states that hypnosis is caused by a split in awareness |
| dissociation | a split in consciousness, which allows some thoughts and behaviors to occur simutaneously with others |
| psychoactive drug | a chemical substance that alters perceptions and moods |
| tolerance | the diminishing effect with regular use of the same dose of a drug, requiring the user to take larger and larger doses before experiencing the drug's effect |
| physical dependence | a physiological need for a drug, marked by unpleasant withdrawal symptoms when the drug is discontinued |
| withdrawal | the discomfort and distress that follow discontinuing the use of an addictive drug |
| psychological dependence | a psychological need to use a drug, such as to relieve negative emotions |
| addiction | compulsive drug craving and use, despite adverse consequences |
| depressants | drugs (such as alcohol, barbiturates, and opiates) that reduce neural activity and slow body functions |
| barbiturates | drugs that depress the activity of the CNS, reducing anxiety but impairing memory and judgement |
| opiates | opium and its derivatives, such as morphine and heroin; they depress neural activity, temporarily lessening pain and anxiety |
| stimulants | drugs (such as caffeine, nicotine, amphetamines, cocaine, and Ecstasy) that excite neural activity and speed up body functions |
| amphetamines | drugs that stimulate neural activity, causing body functions to speed up and associated energy and mood changes |
| methamphetamines | a powerfully addictive drug that stimulates the CNS, with sped up body functions and associated energy and mood changes; over time, appears to reduce baseline dopamine levels. |
| Ecstasy | a synthetic stimulant and mild hallucinogen - produces euphoria and social intimacy, but with short-term health risks and longer-term harm to serotonin-producing neurons and to mood and cognition. |
| hallucinogens | psychedelic drugs such as LSD, that distort perceptions and evoke sensory images in the absence of sensory input. |
| LSD | a powerful hallucinogenic drug; also known as acid (lysergic acid diethylamide) |
| THC | the major active ingredient in marijuana; triggers a variety of effects, including mild hallucinations |
| information processing theory of dreams | theory of dreaming that states that dreams help us sort out the day's events and consolidate our memories |
| physiological theory of dreams | theory of dreaming that states that the regular brain stimulation from REM sleep may help develop and preserve neural pathways. |
| posthypnotic suggestion | a suggestion, made during a hypnosis session, to be carried out after the subject is no longer hypnotized; used by some clinicians to help control undesired symptoms and behaviors. |
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