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AP Psych: Mod 65-69

Meyers Unit 12

TermDefinition
psychological disorder a syndrome marked by a clinically significant disturbance in an individual's cognition, emotion, regulation, or behavior.
maladaptive interferes with normal day to day life.
ADHD (attention deficit hyperactivity disorder) a psychological disorder marked by the appearance by age 7 of one or more of 3 key components: extreme inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity..
Philippe Pineal said that it mental issues were not demon possession, but a sickness in the mind caused by sever stress and inhumane conditions (moral treatment).
medical model concept that diseases, in this case psychological disorders, have physical causes that can be diagnosed, treated, and in most cases, cured, and often through treatment in a hospital.
Falls under the... biopsychosocial approach.
Diagnosis classification aims to not only... describe symptoms but to also predict its future course, apply appropriate treatment, and stimulate research.
DSM 5 the American Psychiatric Associations Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, updated as a 2000 "text revision"; a widely used system for classifying psychological disorders.
trepanning made holes in the skull, which were supposed to allow the evil spirits or pressure to escape.
5 axis used in the DSM for diagnosis... 1) clinical disorders (developmental, learning, etc.) 2) personality disorders 3) physical disorders 4) psychosocial disorders
global functioning score how much a person's symptoms affect their day-to-day life on a scale of 0-100.
Main criteria for abnormal behavior... 1) distressing 2) statistical significance 3) personal suffering 4) unjustifiable***
anxiety disorders psychological disorders characterized by distressing persistent anxiety or maladaptive behaviors that reduce anxiety.
generalized anxiety disorder an anxiety disorder in which a person is continually tense, apprehensive, and in a state of autonomic nervous system arousal.
panic disorder an anxiety disorder marked by unpredictable minutes-long episodes of intense dread in which a person experiences terror and accompanying chest pain, choking, or other frightening sensations, followed by worry of the next attack.
phobias an anxiety disorder marked by a persistent, irrational fear and avoidance of a specific object, activity, or situation.
social anxiety disorder intense fear of social situations, leading to avoidance of such (formerly called social phobia).
agoraphobia fear or avoidance of situations, such as crowds or wide open places, where one has felt loss of control and panic.
OCD (obsessive compulsive disorder) an anxiety disorder characterized by unwanted repetitive thoughts (obsessions) and/or actions (compulsions).
PTSD (posttraumatic stress disorder) an anxiety disorder characterized by having memories, nightmares, social withdrawal, jumpy anxiety, and/or insomnia that lingers for four weeks or more after a traumatic experience.
post traumatic growth positive psychological changes as a result of struggling with extremely challenging circumstances and life crises.
hyperviligent elevated state of constantly assessing potential threats.
anterior cingulate cortex monitors actions, checks for errors and tends to be hyperactive in OCD.
mood disorders psychological disorders characterized by emotional extremes.
major depressive disorder a mood disorder in which a person experiences, in the absence of a medical condition, two or more weeks of significantly depressed moods, feelings of worthlessness, and diminished interests or pleasure in most activities.
Persistent depressive disorder following symptoms (at least two)... 1) problems regulating appetite 2) problems regulating sleep 3) low energy 4) low self-esteem 5) difficulty concentrating/bad decisions 6) feelings of hopelessness
mania a mood disorder marked by a hyperactive, wildly optimistic state.
bipolar mania a mood disorder in which the person alternate between the hopelessness and lethargy of depression and the overexcited state of mania (manic-depressive disorder).
Stressful events often proceed depression like... death, job loss, marital problems, divorce, assault.
Reasons for self harm... 1) relief from intense negative thoughts, distraction with pain. 2) cry for help, to gain attention 3) relieve guilt by self-punishment 4) get others to change their negative behavior (bullying/criticism) 5) to fit in with peer group
What feeds depression? self defeating beliefs and negative explanatory style.
rumination compulsive fretting; overthinking about our problems and their causes.
explanatory style who or what they blame for their failure (or credit for their successes).
schizophrenia a group of severe disorders characterized by disorganized and delusional thinking, disturbed perceptions, and inappropriate emotions and actions (means split mind).
psychosis a person loses contact with reality, experiencing, irrational ideas, and distracted perceptions.
delusions false belies, often of persecution or grandeur, that may accompany psychotic disorders.
hallucinations sensory experiences without sensory stimulation (often auditory).
flat effect emotionless state people with schizophrenia can lapse into.
catatonia remain motionless for hours and then become agitated.
positive symptoms hallucinations, disorganized speech, inappropriate actions, adds something to the environment.
negative symptoms toneless voices, expressionless, mute/rigid boundaries, removes something from the environment.
chronic schizophrenia long term case of schizophrenia, affects a person's ability to tell what is real and what is not, unable to think or act clearly.
acute schizophrenia delusions, hallucinations, negative symptoms, disorganized behavior and speech, cognitive symptoms.
somatic symptom disorder the symptoms take a somatic (bodily) form without apparent physical causes.
conversion disorder a rare somatoform disorder in which a person experiences very specific genuine physical symptoms for which no psychological basis can be found.
illness anxiety disorder a person interprets normal physical sensations as symptoms of a disease (formerly called hypochondriasis)
dissociative disorders conscious awareness becomes separated (dissociated) from previous memories, thoughts, and feelings.
fugue state a temporary state where a person has memory loss (amnesia) and ends up in an unexpected place.
DID (dissociative identity disorder) a rare dissociative disorder in which a person exhibits two or more distinct and alternating personalities. Formerly called multiple personality disorder (highly debated in the psychology world).
anorexia nervosa an eating disorder in which a person (usually an adolescent female) maintains a starvation diet despite being significantly (15% percent or more) underweight.
bulimia nervosa an eating disorder in which a person alternates binge eating with purging by vomiting or laxative use, excessive exercise, or fasting.
personality disorders psychological disorders characterized by inflexible and enduring behavior patterns that impair social functioning.
binge-eating disorder significant binge-eating episodes, followed by distress, disgust, or guilt, but without the compensatory purging or fasting that marks bulimia nervosa.
avoidance personality disorder fearful sensitivity to rejection that predisposes social withdrawal.
schizoid personality disorder eccentric or odd behaviors, such as emotionless disengagement.
histrionic personality disorder exhibits dramatic or impulsive behaviors, such as attention seeking.
narcissistic personality disorder self focused and self inflating.
antisocial personality disorder a personality disorder in which a person (usually a man) exhibits a lack of conscience for wrongdoing, even toward friends and family members. May be aggressive and ruthless or a clever con artist (also called sociopath or psychopath).
Created by: kqunell
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