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psychology: paper 3:

psychology paper 3: stress: individual differences in stress (hardiness):

QuestionAnswer
1. who made the concept of hardiness? Kosaba and Maddi
2. what is cognitive appraisal? how a person perceives stressors as less threatening
3. what are the parts of cognitive appraisal? commitment challenge control
4. what is commitment? deeply involved and optimistic
5. what is challenge? resilient and welcome change opportunity to learn
6. what is control? in charge of events
7. what was Kosaba's procedure? measured life changes of 670 male american middle and senior managers between 40-49 using Schedule of recent experiences and Serious illness survey to see who experienced high levels of stress over previous 3 years
8. what did Kosaba find? managers responded to stress differently where some coped without being ill or taking time off finding they scored highly
9. what was Maddi's procedure? several years spent studying 400 managers and supervisors at Bell Telephone in the US where thousands lost jobs and it was extremely stressful for existing employees
10. what were Maddi's findings? significant declines in performance and health in two thirds of participants including heart attacks and strokes but one third of managers flourished feeling happier and more fulfilled
11. how is there real world application? Bartone measured hardiness in candidates applying for positions in the US Army Special Forces which is an extremely stressful process finding those who passed were significantly hardier thus useful for predicting hardiness needed for certain jobs
12. what was Bartone's research? candidates applying for US Army Special Forces
13. how is there research support? Contrada studied cardiovascular responses in men to a stressful task in lab conditions finding hardier men had lower blood pressure showing hardiness affects physiological stress response and hardines can protect form some stress related illness
14. what was Contrada's research? studied cardiovascular responses in men to a stressful task in lab conditions
15. what is a counterpoint of Contrada's research support? used five questionnaires suggesting if one is not enough to measure hardiness then the concept is too broad this lacking internal validity
16. how is the concept too broad? Hull et al thinks that we should focus on control only as most psychological research shows importance of control so it may be the most crucial factor in determining hardiness thus the broad concept has little validity and may not exist at all
Created by: chachink
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