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Psych Unit 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are Charles Darwin's accomplishments | Because of Darwin psychologist now use animals such as rats and monkeys in experiments and studies to test new theories about human behaviour. |
| What are Wilhelm Wundt's accomplishments | Wundt is often called the Father of Psychology and was the first to create a psychology laboratory in Germany in 1879, which helped make psychology separate from philosophy and biology. |
| What are William Jame's accomplishments | James was a professor at Harvard and is best known as the creator of the first psychology class in the U.S. he's also known as the Father of American Psychology. |
| What are John B Watson's accomplishments | One of the first psychologist who supported he behavioral approach. He strongly believed how associations and the environment shape our behavior. Well known for his Little Albert experiment where he trained a young child to become afraid of a rat. |
| What are Sigmund Freud's accomplishments | Freud founded the psychoanalytic theory. The theory involves our behavior in part being controlled by unconscious desires. Founder of the Oedipus and Electra complex. |
| What is the Oedipus Complex? | When a male is unconsciously attracted to his mother |
| What is the Electra Complex? | When a female is unconsciously attracted to her father. |
| What are B.F. Skinner's accomplishments. | Skinner supported the behavioral approach and like Watson believed associations and our environment shaping our behavior. The skinner box experiment tested how rewards and punishments can influence our behavior using a rat. |
| What are Carl Rogers' accomplishments | Rogers' created the humanistic approach which states that humans are all basically good, and sometimes we just make some poor decisions in the process of striving for perfection. |
| What are Mary Whiton Calkins accomplishments | Mary despite not having an official PhD she was well respected & renowned in the world of psychology. Also invented the paired-associate task, which is used to test your memory & later became the first female president of the APA |
| What are Margaret Floy Washburn's accomplishments | Margaret was the first woman to earn a PhD in psychology through Cornell. Washburn mainly focused on consciousness and wrote many major works desriving learning and attention processes in animals. She became president of APA. |
| What are G. Stanley Hall's accomplishments | Hall became the first American to be given a PhD in psychology and established himself as a psychology as the pioneer in the study of child development. He became the first president of the APA. |
| What are the 7 approaches to psychology? | Biological, Behavioral, Psychoanalytical, Humanistic, Cognitive, Evolutionary, Sociocultural. |
| Behavioral approach | Believes we act the way we do because of learning and associations. |
| Biological approach | Believes there is a biological cause to behavior |
| Psychoanalytic approach | Believes our behavior is made up of unconscious thoughts, feelings, and desires |
| Cognitive approach | Believes that the thoughts we know about control our behavior |
| Evolutionary approach | Believes that just like the evolutionary theory human features evolved for our survival |
| Sociocultural approach | Believes that social, ethnic, racial and religious groups affect behavior, |
| Key components to psychological study? | Hypothesis, subject,sample, independent and dependent variables, experimental group, control group, directions, representative sample |
| Define hypothesis | A working theory that psychologist seek to test predicting what might cause behavior or what behavior might occur in a particular environment. |
| Define subject | The subject is the person or animal upon which an experiment is tested. It's important in a study because it allowed you to test your hypothesis. |
| Define sample | Sample is the subjects chosen for an experiment to represent a larger group. So for example if you're doing an experiment on teens you need 100 teens to complete the study. |
| Define independent variables | Independent variable is the part of an experiment the experimenter changes on purpose to test the effects (this is manipulated by people), The independent variable changes to test their theory. In the Bobo doll experiment the I.V was the adults behavior. |
| Define dependent variable | Dependent variable is part of an experiment that changes depending upon changes in the independent variable (not manipulated by people). The D.V. is the effect of what's changed by I.V. Bobo doll the D.V was how the children treated the doll bc of behav |
| Define experimental group | The experimental group is the group of subjects in an experiment that receives the independent variable & the group the experimenter is using to test the hypothesis. in the Bobo doll experiment the group who were violent & nice were the experimental group |
| Define control group | The control group is the group of subjects in an experiment that is left alone to test if any outside causes affect the experiment (not testing the hypothesis). the control group in the Bobo doll was the group who ignored the doll. |
| Define double-blind study | A double-blind study is when neither the subject nor the experimenter knows to which group (experimental or control) the subject belongs to. |
| Define laboratory study | A lab study is done in a lab. An example would be the Asch conformity study where they wanted to identify if the presence and influence of others would make people feel pressured to change their answer. |
| Define field study | An experiment done in the real world. A classroom field study which involved a researcher who would see how students learn with a different teaching method. |
| Define survey | A survey is a questionnaire the subject fills out with a set amount of choices |
| Define naturalistic observation | A study where the subject is being observed but doesn't know they are being observed. Jane Goodall and the chimps is an example as she observed them. |
| Define interview | Questions asked where a subject may give their own answer |
| Define case study | A study of one subject for an extended period of time |
| Define psychological test | Objective tests given to measure different areas of ability |
| Define longitudinal study | An experiment on the same group of subjects for a long period of time (months, years, decades) |
| Define Cross-sectional study | An experiment on multiple age groups at once. |
| Humanistic approach | Believes people are basically good and we want to reach perfection which is why we act certain ways |
| define representative sample | subjects who have the trait being tested in an experiment (choose 100 teenagers with phones to test how cell phones affects teens brains) |
Created by:
anael
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