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psychology paper 3:

psychology : sources of stress (daily hassles):

QuestionAnswer
1. what are daily hassles? frequent everyday irritations and frustrations (nothing major) leaving us feeling stressed eg can't find our keys
2. who suggested daily hassles could give us a better understanding of stress making us ill? Lazarus and his colleagues (1980)
3. what is primary appraisal? subjectively work out how threatening it is to our psychological health
4. what is secondary appraisal? subjectively consider how well equipped we are to cope with the hassle
5. who made the Hassles and uplifts scale? Kanner et al
6. when was the Hassles and uplifts scale made? 1981
7. what is the Hassles and uplifts scale? self report measure assesses how many hassles person experiences in defined period and how severe they are
8. what are uplifts? enjoyable things giving us a small 'boost'
9. why are daily hassles proximal sources of stress? their effects are direct and immediate
10. why are life changes distal sources of stress? their effects are indirect
11. what was Kanner et al's research about? question whether daily hassles were a better predictor of psychological ill-health than life changes
12. what was Kanner et al's procedure? 100 (45-64 yrs old) completed Hassle scale every month 9 consecutive months measuring 117 hassles how often occur+ severity+ scale measuring LC on 2 occasions (1 month before study- 2 1/2 years back+ during 10 month study) then Hopkins symptom checklist
13. what were the findings of Kanner et al's research? significant positive correlations between hassle frequency and psychological symptoms at start and end of study (more hassles meant more severe psychological symptoms of depression and anxiety) for both men and women
14. research support? have significant effects on health+ behaviour Ivancevich (1986) participants complete HSUP + measures of general health, job performance finding daily hassles+ u plifts were strong predictors of poor health, poor job perfomance
15. weakness of Ivancevich's study? depends on retrospective self report (participants recall daily hassles and LC over previous month) so accuracy depends on participants memories and easy to forget minor daily hassles so doubtful internal validity
16. individual differences? considers differences between people as stress of a daily hassle depends on interpretations (Lazarus et al) therefore explaining individual differences in how stress affects our health and behaviour
17. issues with research and correlations? hassles research is mostly correlational but does not demonstrate causation as another factor may be responsible, suggesting link between hassles and stress may be indirect
18. how can life changes be a better explanation for stress? daily hassles occur a lot so cumulative effects but LC are more stressful as they are major events with powerful effects
Created by: chachink
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