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psychology paper 3:

psychology : sources of stress (life changes):

QuestionAnswer
1. what are life changes? major stressors and big events in our lives eg divorce
2. what does the SRRS mean? social readjustment rating scale
3. who made the SSRS? Holmes and Rahe
4. when was the SSRS made? 1967
5. how does the SRRS work? measures stress by assigning a certain number of LCUs to each item on a list
6. what are LCUs? life change units
7. the higher the LCU value? the more adjustment the life change needs, making it more stressful
8. what was the procedure early research using the SRRS retrospective? participants ticked off all LC they could recall from previous 12 months and added it together to make a score correlated with a measure of illness
9. in the retrospective research of SRRS how many people scored between 150-300 LCUs? 50% who experienced illness next year
10. what did Rahe (1972) suggest about people scoring under 150 LCU in the retrospective research of SRRS? likely to experience reasonable health in the following year
11. in the retrospective research of SRRS, how many scored 300 LCUs 80%, almost all reporting illness within the next year
12. what was the procedure for Rahe's et al prospective study? US Navy personnel to 3 ships completing version scale of SSRS covering 6 months before tour duty+ total LCU score calculated, on tour all illness reported (medical staff +Navy both unaware of study), independent researcher review+ calculated illness score
13. when did Rahe et al do his prospective study? 1970
14. what were the findings of Rahe's et al prospective study? significant positive correlation (of +.118) between LCU scores for 6 months before departure and illness scores on ship (those who had most stressful LC in 6 months before leaving had most illnesses on ship)
15. what was the conclusion of Rahe's et al prospective study? life changes were a reasonably robust predictor of later illness
16. research support? Lietzen et al (2011) prospective study used data from Finland study following 16000 adults who no have asthma at start finding high LC stress predicted asthma which could no explained by smoking/pet allergies so stressful LC contribute to chronic illness
17. weakness of Lietzen et al's study (2011)? few LC almost 48% had 1 or non LC in 5yr study so other stressful events may have been responsible for asthma (Lazarus says daily hassles are more important stress sources)
18. individual differences? LC no affect everyone in the same way eg moving house could be good or bad so Byrne and Whyte (1980) predict MI based on SRRS scores finding only do so if subjective interpretations of LC considered so LC lacks internal validity
19. how does SRRS muddle together several different types of life changes? assumes LC are stressful but Turner and Wheaton (1995) asked participants to rate desirability of SRRS finding undesirable LC caused most stress due to frustrations associated thus challenging validity as assumes both good and bad LC have same effects
20. issues with research and causation? relationship between LC and health has correlation but does not show causation so another factor could be responsible
Created by: chachink
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