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Anxiety Disorders
Ch 5 (Trauma & OCD)
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Anxiety | a vague, unpleasant emotion that's experienced in anticipation of some (future) misfortune |
| Agoraphobia | the fear of places and situations where escaping is difficult/anxiety can occur |
| What are the 4 categories of phobias? | - animal - natural environment - situational - blood injection injury |
| Animal Type | fear of a specific animal |
| Natural Environment | events or situations in the natural environment (storm, hurricane, tsunami) |
| Situational | public transport, bridges, elevators, flying |
| Blood Injection Type | blood, injury, injections |
| Panic Attack | a discrete period of intense fear/discomfort w/ at least four symptoms developed abruptly (sweating, trembling, chest pain, dizziness) |
| Panic Disorder | recurrent, unexpected panic attacks |
| When does Acute Stress Disorder typically arise? | in response to traumas similar to those involved in PTSD |
| Acute Stress Disorder symptoms | dissociative symptoms (detachment, derealization, depersonalization) |
| Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) | persistent, uncontrollable worry about most things for at least 6 months, accompanied with cognitive & physical symptoms |
| People with this disorder often feel tired due to chronic muscle tension & sleep loss | Generalized Anxiety Disorder |
| What impact does panic disorder have on people diagnosed with it? | afraid they have life-threatening illnesses, will die from a physical crisis, feel depressed, abuse alcohol, higher suicide attempts |
| What are cognitive theories of panic disorder? | - they pay closer attention to body & negatively interpret symptoms -> panic & worry - anxiety sensitivity & hyperawareness of cues that could cause a panic attack |
| What treatments are most effective for preventing relapse in clients w/ panic disorders? | cognitive-behavioral therapies |
| Anxiety Sensitivity | belief that bodily symptoms have harmful consequences |
| Interoceptive Awareness | heightened awareness of bodily cues that signal an incoming panic attack |
| How does Classical Conditioning affect phobias or anxiety? | associating certain situations/cues with symptoms of a panic attack + future exposure to those situations = triggering symptoms |
| How does Operant Maintenance affect phobias or anxiety? | preventing symptoms by avoiding situations/cues that may trigger it, which reduces anxiety but reinforces behavior |
| Social Anxiety Disorder | becoming anxious in social situations & afraid of being rejected, judged, or humiliated in public |
| Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) | consequence of experiencing extreme stressors lasting for more than 1 month |
| What do people who suffer from PTSD report having after living through a traumatic event? | survivor's guilt |
| PTSD Symptoms | - reexperiencing trauma event - avoiding situations, thoughts, or memories of trauma - negative changes in thought & mood about trauma - dissociative symptoms - hyperviligance |
| Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) | chronic disorder where one experiences obsessions, compulsions, or both |
| Obsessions | uncontrollable & unwanted persistent thoughts, urges, or images that are intrusive |
| Compulsions | repetitive, seeable behaviors or mental acts that an individual feels they must perform- purpose is to reduce anxiety |
| Dissociation | when someone feels disconnected from themselves and their body |
| Which gender is at greater risk of developing PTSD? | women :( |
| What are the physical & psychological responses that help us fight threats or flee from them? | Fight-or-flight responses |
| Theorists who argue that phobias can develop through observational learning say... | people learn phobic behaviors by modeling the behavior of others |
| What hormone is used as a measure of stress? | Cortisol |
| How do Benzos affect anxiety? | provide short-term relief but have side effects & addictiveness that prevent long-term use |
| Excoriation | recurrent picking of the skin that results in lesions and scars |
| Trichotillomania | recurrent pulling out of hair resulting in noticeable hair loss |
| Body Dysmorphic Disorder | excessively preoccupied with a part of the body that they believe is defective |
| SSRI side effects? | drowsiness, constipation, loss of sexual interest, doesn't help a good amount of people w/ OCD |
| How does CBT help OCD? | - exposure to obsession, prevention of compulsion, & confronting obsessions & compulsions |
| When clients with PTSD can't tolerate exposure to the traumatic experience, what form of treatment should be used? | stress-inoculation therapy |
| Is OCD often treated with mediciations? | Yes- but combined with CBT! |
| What are 3 effective treatments for GAD? | - Benzos can reduce anxiety or help serotonin levels - CBT, having them confront fears by questioning thoughts & learning coping skills - Emotional regulation therapy |
| What are some factors that can increase a person's vulnerability to PTSD? | - pre-existing disorders or conditions; substance abuse -> worse coping strategies + trauma = PTSD - location where trauma is frequent = more exposure to develop PTSD - lack of a strong support system = not developing beneficial coping strategies |
| Maladaptive Anxiety Response | unrealistic fears, response is out of proportion, behavior is dangerous or leads to impairment |
| Does Society Anxiety Disorder occur by itself or with other disorders? | Often co-occurs w/ mood disorders & other anxiety disorders |
Created by:
Kolohegirl
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