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Psych Ch 8 Vocab
Intelligence and Mental Abilities
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| intelligence | a general term referring to the ability or abilities involved in learning and adaptive behavior |
| intelligence tests | tests designed to measure a person's general mental abilities |
| triarchic theory of intelligence | Sternberg's theory that intelligence involves mental skills (componential aspect), insight and creative adaptability (experiential aspect), and environmental responsiveness (contextual aspect) |
| componential intelligence | according to Sternberg, the ability to acquire new knowledge and solve problems effectively |
| experiential intelligence | Sternberg's term for the ability to adapt creatively creatively in new situations, to use insight |
| contextual intelligence | according to Sternberg, the ability to select contexts in which you can excel, to shape the environment to fit your strengths |
| theory of multiple intelligences | Howard Gardner's theory that there is not one intelligence, but rather many intelligences, each of which is relatively independent of the others |
| emotional intelligence | according to Goleman, a form of intelligence that refers to how effectively people perceive and understand their own emotions and the emotions of others, and can manage their emotional behavior |
| Binet-Simon Scale | the first test of intelligence, developed for testing children |
| Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale | Terman's adaptation of the Binet-Simon Scale |
| intelligence quotient (IQ) | a numerical value given to intelligence that is determined from the scores on an intelligence test; the average IQ is arbitrarily set at 100 |
| Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale - Third Edition (WAIS-III) | an individual intelligence test developed especially for adults; it yields verbal, performance, and full scale IQ scores |
| Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children - Third Edition (WISC-III) | an individual intelligence test developed especiall for school-aged children; it yields verbal, performance, and full scale IQ scores |
| group tests | intelligence tests administered by one examiner to many people at one time |
| performance tests | intelligence tests that minimize the use of language |
| culture-fair tests | intelligence tests designed to reduce cultural bias by minimizing skills and values that vary from one culture to another |
| reliability | ability of a test to produce consistent and stable scores |
| split-half reliability | a method of determining test reliability by dividing the test into two parts and checking the agreement of scores on both parts |
| correlation coefficients | statistical measures of the degree of association between two variables |
| validity | ability of a test to measure what it has been designed to measure |
| content validity | refers to a test's having an adequate sample of questions measuring the skills or knowledge it is supposed to measure |
| criterion-related validity | validity of a test as measured by a comparison of the test score and independent measures of what the test is designed to measure |
| tacit knowledge | knowledge one needs for success in completing particular practical tasks; this knowledge may not be explicit |
| mental retardation | condition of significantly subaverage intelligence combined with deficiencies in adaptive behavior |
| giftedness | refers to superior IQ combined with demonstrated or potential ability in such areas as academic aptitude, creativity, and leadership |
| creativity | the ability to produce novel and socially valued ideas or objects |
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