Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
EPPP psych dis 2.
EPPP disorders
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Separation Anxiety Disorder | developmentally inappropriate /excessive fear or anxiety about being separated from attachment figures as indicated by at least 3/8 symptoms. four weeks in children and adolescents or six months in adults |
| Mowrer’s (1947) two-factor theory | Classical or Operant conditioning - occurs when the person learns that avoiding the conditioned stimulus allows him/her to avoid experiencing anxiety. avoidance behavior is negatively reinforced |
| ERP types | Flooding involves immediately exposing a client to the client’s most feared situation until client’s anxiety subsides. Graded exposure- a list of about 10 situations cause anxiety, beging/ object/situation elicits a low level of anxiety-ending w/ highest |
| Exposure research | in vivo exposure more effective thn in imagination, therapist-led exp is more effective than self-directed expe, and that virtual reality exposure may be as effective as in vivo exposure, especially for fear of heights (acrophobia) and fear of flying |
| Social anxiety disorder | is characterized by a fear/anxiety reaction to at least 1 social situation in which the person may be exposed to scrutiny by others. excessive for the actual threat. Fear, anxiety must be persistent (at least 6months), cause significant distress, fxn |
| Social Anxiety disorder treatment | Cognitive behavior therapy and antidepressant medications (SSRIs and SNRIs) are first-line treatments for this disorder. |
| Panic disorder | involves recurrent unexpected panic attacks w at least one attack being followed by one month or more of persistent concern about additional attacks or their consequences and/or a significant maladaptive change in behavior related to the attack. 4/13 sym |
| treatment of panic disorder | CBT/ exposure w relaxation. Some antidepressants and benzodiazepines have been found useful for alleviating panic attacks, but they’re associated with a high relapse rate when used alone. |
| Agoraphobia | 6 months marked fear or anxiety occurs in at least 2/5 situations: using public transportation, being in open spaces, being in enclosed spaces, standing in line or being in a crowd, and being outside the home alone. Fear no help/ cant escape |
| Agoraphobia treatment | first-line treatment is in vivo exposure and response prevention. Graded exposure is most commonly used, but there’s evidence that intense (non-graded) exposure is also effective and may have better long-term effects. Relaxing/cogtech doesn't help |
| GAD | excesse anxiety/uncontrolled worry about multiple events or activities. occur on most days at least 6 months. anxiety/worrying difficult to control, sympt cause sign distress or impaired funcg . include at least 3 of (at least one kids): |
| Content of worries/ GAD research | is age-related, w kids worrying about catastrophic events, competence in sports- school. older adults worrying : health/safety. data collected by the WHO indicate lifetime prevalence, the most common comorbid disorde: MDD followed social anx |
| Risk factors for GAD | a family history of an anxiety disorder; the temperament dimensions of behavioral inhibition, neuroticism, and harm avoidance; and exposure to childhood trauma or chronic stress |
| most effective treatment for GAD | is cognitive-behavior therapy which may be combined with pharmacotherapy. first drugs are the SSRIs and SNRIs, while individuals whose sympt do not respond to antidepressants may benefit from the anxiolytic buspirone (Buspar) or a benzo. MI w/CBT works |
| Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders | Obsessive-compulsive disorder is included in the DSM-5-TR with body dysmorphic disorder and other disorders that share several diagnostic validators – e.g., symptoms, comorbidity, and treatment response. |
| OCD diagnosis | involves recurrent obsessions and/or compulsions that are time-consuming (consume more than one hour each day) and/or cause significant distress or impaired functioning: Obsessions are recurrent and persistent thoughts, urges. Compulsions are acts |
| OCD comorbidity | About 90% of individuals with OCD have comorbid psychiatric disorders, with an anxiety disorder being most common followed by, in order, a depressive or bipolar disorder, an impulse control disorder, and a substance use disorder |
| OCD specifiers and gender | Specifiers are used to indicate the person’s level of insight into beliefs and presence of tics. Males have an earlier age of onset than females do and have a slightly higher preval rate than females in childh, females have a slightly higher rate as adukt |
| OCD treatment | linked to lower-than-normal levels of serotonin and elevated activity in several areas of the brain including the caudate nucleus, orbitofrontal cortex, cingulate gyrus, and thalamus. ERP is a first-line, evidence-based intervention.SSRI comb effective |
| Body dysmorphia | a preoccupation w a perceived defectflaw in physical appearance. not observable or appears to be minor to others. the person must have performed repetitive behaviors/ mental acts because of the defect mirror checking, skin picking) at some time during. |
| non-rapid eye movement sleep arousal disorders | include sleepwalking and sleep terrors, which involve recurrent episodes of incomplete awakening from sleep that usually occur during Stage 3 or 4 sleep in the first third of a major sleep period. |
| Sleepwalking and sleep terror details | unresponsive to attempts to awaken during a sleepwalking or sleep terror episode on awaken. little or no memory of dream imagery/ cannot recall . occur most often in childhood and decrease in frequency with increasing age. |
| Nightmare disorder | repeated occurrences , extremely dysphoric, well-remembered dreams that usually involve efforts to avoid threats to survival, security, phy”.usually occur during REM sleep in the second half of a maj sleep period. When awakened person is usually oriented |
| Narcolepsy | irrepressible need to sleep causes sleep/daytime naps at least 3x week for 3 months+. diagnosis requires episodes of cataplexy (lost muscle tone), hypocretin def, or a REM latency of 15 minutes or less as determined by nocturnal sleep polysomnography. |
| Narcolepsy facts | Many people w/ narcolepsy have hypnagogic or hypnopompic hallucinations (vivid hallucinations just before falling asleep/ after awakening) and/or experien sleep paralysis when falling asleep or awakening. Cataplexy is often triggered by a strong emotion, |
| Treatment Narcolepsy | Beh strategies include estab good sleep habits, taking daytime naps, be active. Meds for alertness modafinil armodafinil- increase dopae, mphets/ psychostims- increase dopa and, 5HT/Ne levels. meds for cataplexy is an antidepr. sodium oxybate is useful |
| Insomnia diagnosis | one or more of 3 symps: difficulty initiating; difficulty maintaining sleep; early-morning awakening with an inability to return to sl. sleep disturbance must occur at least three nights a week, have been present for at least three months. |
| 3 types of insomnia | sleep-onset (initial) -difficulty initially falling asleep, sleep maintenance (middle)- frequent/exte awakening during night, and late typ- awake in the early morning no return to sleep. Slp maint most cosolo, but the combo of the 3 types is most common. |
| Non pharma insomnia treatment | treatment-of-choice for this disorder is a multi-component cognitive-behavioral intervention that incorporates stimulus control or sleep restriction with sleep-hygiene education, relaxation training, and/or cognitive therapy |
| Enuerisis | urination either occurring 2+x a week for at least 3 consece months or causing sig distress/funcng. usually involuntary and is not due to subs/condition. must be at least five years old or the equivalent developmental level. Moisture alarm treatmt |
| binge eating disorder | have at least three of five characteristics symptoms (eating more rapidly than usual; eating until uncomfo, dep/guilt about)at least once a week for three month |
| binge eating facts | dieting often follows the onset of BED, while dysfunctional dieting often precedes bulimia nervosa. BED is associated with significant psychiatric comorbidity that is comparable to the comorbidity associated with bulimia nervosa and anorexia |
| Binge eating dx facts | BED is 2-3x more common in women and occurs in people normal weight, overweight, obese. In contrast to people with bulimia nervosa, this w/BED do not engage in recurrent inappropriate compensatory behs and usually have a better response to treatment. |
| BED treatment | CBT enhanced (CBT-E) and interpersonal therapy (IPT) are evidence-based treatments for BED. However, while both treatments produce a significant reduction in binge eating, some studies have found CBT-E to be more effective. Meds no good |
| Bulimia nervosa | binge eating that are accompanied by a sense of a lack of control, inappropriate compensatory behavior to prevent weight gain (vomiting, excessive exerci). Binge and compens bex 1x wk for 3 monts+ |
| Bulimia facts | Like anorexia, bulimia co-occurs w/ dep or anxiety. with anxiety sometimes preceding the eating disr. Most ppl the normal weight range or overweight, medical complications are usually the result of compensatory behavior. Ex:purging cause dental erosion |
| Bulimia treatment | nutritional rehab plus CBT, enhanced cognitive-behavior therapyfor eating diss, interpersonal therapy (IPT), or family-based t (FBT) for ?. CBT, CBT-E, and IPT have comparable effects, but CBT and CBT-E are generally preferred because IPT takes longer. |
| FBT for Bulimia | nature of the phases differs somewhat because, in contrast to teens w anorexia, w bulimia often experience their symptoms as ego-dystonic- motivated to change: treatment is more collabve, w the teen and parents working together to alter undesirable beh. |
| Meds and bulimia | SSRIs (especially fluoxetine) effective for alleviating comorbid depression and for reducing binge eating and purging in patients without depre. combo fCBT and an antidepressant suggests that the combined treatment is more effective than medication alone |
| transdiagnostic intervention for eating disorders that’s based on the assumption that these disorders share the same core psychopathology | enhanced cognitive behavior therapy (CBT-E) has been found to be the most effective version of CBT for patients with bulimia. 4 stages. Stage 2 progress,barriers,reeval. Stage 3 shape weigh origins/ triggerd |
| Telepsych vs face for bulimia | equiv in terms of acceptability/retention of clients in treatment. Rates of abstinence from binge eating and purging were slightly (non-significantly) higher for face-to-face CBT. face CBT produced signi greater reductions in eating-disordered cogs. |
| Motivations bulimia VS anorexia | compared to individuals with anorexia, those with bulimia are more distressed by their symptoms and tend to be more motivated to change their eating behaviors. The benefits of motivation – and, more specifically, autonomous motivation |
| Pica | is not a culturally or socially acceptable practice. can occur at any age, but it’s most common among children and has an elevated rate among pregnant women. It can lead to intestinal obstruction, lead poisoning, and other medical complications. |
| Anorexia Co occurs | often co-occurs with depression or an anxiety disorder (esp OCD), and there’s evidence that anxiety often precedes the onset. malnutrition/extreme weight loss, affect nearly all of the major organ systems, can lead to death |
| Anorexia facts | involves frequent relapses before a stable pattern of eating and weight maintenance is attained. It’s also one of the most difficult disorders to treat because people with this disorder often deny they have an eating problem and resist treatment |
| Anorexia treatment | (CBT) for anorexia nervosa, enhanced (CBT-E) for eating disorders, family-based for anorexia nervosa: CBT for ano is a post-hospitalization interv. based on the assumption “shape- and weight-related concerns engender dietary restriction/weight control. |
| Insomnia reports data | retrospective subjective reports of people with this disorder about their sleep are compared to objective measure, subj reports usually overestimate sleep latencies, overestimate time spent awake during the night, and underestimate total sleep time. |
| oppositional defiant disorder | four or more characteristic symptoms that occur during interactions with at least one person who is not a sibling. 6 months. 30% go on to conduct dis |
| Conduct disorder | social norms or rules as evidenced by the presence of at least three characteristic symptoms during the past 12 months and at least one symptom in the past six months. Cannot be +18 with antisocial PD. |
| Conduct dx bio | studies suggest that reduced serotonin and dopamine contribute to increased aggression, reduced sensitivity to punishment, and increased risk-taking behaviors. Cortisol imbal. |
| life-course-persistent type involves a pattern antisocial beh. Moffett res. CD | fr childhood to adulthood. due to a combination of neuropsychological deficits that affect the individual’s temperament, cognitive abilities, and other characteristics and an adverse child-rearing environment. |
| adolescence-limited type of conduct disorder | is a temporary and situational type of antisocial behavior that’s due to a “maturity gap” betn an adolescent’s bio and sexual maturity and his/her social maturity. For individuals with this type, antisocial behaviors are a way to attain mature status. |
| Evidence-based psychosocial interventions are the first-line treatments for CD and other disruptive behavior disorders | child-focused, parent-focused, family-focused, or multimodal |
| Child-Focused Intervention: Problem-solving skills training (PSST) | child/teend who have CD or another disruptive beh disorder. focus;the cognitive processes that underlie c problem behs. perceive the feelings of others, understand the conseqns, and identify prosocial ways to resolve interpersonal problems and conflicts. |
| Parent-child interaction therapy (PCIT): | focuses on altering negative parent-child interactions. a child-directed interaction phase that focuses on enhancing the parent-child relationship and a parent-directed interaction phase that focuses on teaching parents effective disciplinary practices. |
| PMT | Kazdin’s parent management training (PMT)is for parent of children 2 -17 y w oppositional, agg. d/or antisocial behor. principles of operant condng. focuses on replacing antecedents and conseqs problematic behrs w ones th foster desirable behaviors. |
| pmt and psst | Research has confirmed that PMT has positive effects on child symptoms, parent symptoms, and family relationships and suggests that combining PMT with PSST is even more effective than either treatment alone for improving child and parent functioning |
| Parent management training – Oregon model | escalating cycle. parents replace coercive parenting practices with positive parenting that includes positive reinforcement, non-coercive discipline, setting limits, and monitoring children’s behaviors |
| Functional family therapy | families w a child 11 -18 ys old w externalizing behr disr. substance use or risk delinq. problem behs w/family help regulate relational connect w interdepee or indepce . Creating power structes. replace probl behs w non-probltic whc serve the same fxn |
| MST multisystemic | based on Bronfenbrenner’s ecological theory and assumes that problematic behaviors are the result of multiple risk factors at individual, family, peer, school, and community levels and that interventions must be provided at all levels. |
| Intermittent explosive disorder | beh outbursts due to a failure to control agg impulses as manifested by one : verbal or phys aggr 2X weekly for at least 3mon, w phys aggresn not resulting in damage/ physical injurys. 3 beh outbursts in a 12-month period resulted in damage/physical inj. |
| Odd general.diagnosis areas | recurrent pattern of an angry/irritable mood, argumentative/defiant behavior, and/or vindictiveness as evidenced by four or more characteristic symptoms that occur during interactions with at least one person who is not a sibling |
Created by:
user-1733135
Popular Psychology sets