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Attachments studies
All key studies for Attachments AQA Psych
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Meltzoff & Moore | Infants as young as two weeks old were able to imitate specific facial and hand gestures by a caregiver model |
| Brazelton et al | Still face experiment |
| Schaffer & Emerson | Carried out a study on families in Glasgow and from their observations they developed a 4-stage model of attachment formation, such as indiscriminate and discriminate attachments |
| Harlow | Found that monkeys provided with two surrogate mothers (one made of wire that provided food and one covered in a cloth) were more attached to the one that gave comfort rather than food |
| Lorenz | Demonstrated 'imprinting' by being the first thing that baby geese saw. They treated him as a caregiver and followed him around until adulthood |
| Bowlby | Tested his Maternal Deprivation Hypothesis by studying juvenile thieves. Found a significantly high proportion of them had been maternally deprived in early life. |
| Ainsworth | Created the Strange Situation Method, from which she categorised three attachment types (secure, insecure-avoidant and insecure-resistant) |
| Van Ijzendoorn & Kroonenberg | Conducted a meta-analysis of different Strange Situation experiments from around the world and found secure attachment was always the most common, with variations between countries |
| Rutter | Carried out longitudinal research of Romanian orphans and found significant differences in the recovery and progress of those adopted before and after 6 months of age |
| Zeanah | Institutionalised (Romanian) orphans who had spent 90% or more of their lives in an institution were significantly more likely to show disinhibited attachment type than a 'normal' control who had not been in an institution |
| Hazan & Shaver | Conducted the 'love quiz', which was a retrospective questionnaire asking participants about their earliest attachments. Found a correlation between early attachment type and later romantic relationships. |
| Simpson | Conducted a longitudinal study over 25+ years and found a positive correlation between participants' earliest attachments (using Strange Situation method) and future relationships, both friendship and romantic. |
Created by:
SBlakeley
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