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Chapter 1 Vid Review
AP Psychology
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is psychology? | the science of behavior and mental processes |
| When was the psychology we call today established? | mid 1800's |
| Who said, "In the heart, and not the head" | Aristotle |
| What are the 3 ways the human mind should be tackled? | structuralism, functionalism, and psychoanalysis |
| Who started the 1st psychology laboratory in Germany in 1879? | Wilhelm Wundt |
| Wundt and his student Titchener started what school if thought that focused on introspection? | Structuralist School of Thought |
| What did William James study? | the function of behavior (science of mental life) |
| What school of thought did William James create that focused on Darwin's idea of adaptation? | Functionalism |
| What is free associate? | speak freely about whatever comes to mind |
| Who wrote the Interpretation of Dreams? | Sigmund Freud |
| What was mentioned in the Interpretation of Dreams? | Theory of Psychoanalysis |
| What is the theory of psychoanalysis? | our personalities are shaped by unconscious motives |
| What school of thought did Freud create, using his technique of free association? | psychoanalysis |
| Who wrote the Behavior of Organisms? | B.F Skinner |
| What school of thought did Ivan Pavlov, BF Skinner, and John B Watson create during the 1st half of the 20th century? | Observable Behavior/Behaviorism |
| Psychology is an ______ science. | integrative |
| What can be described as "hindsight bias"? | "I knew-it-all-along phenomenon" |
| What is operationalizing? | come up with general questions and turn it into a understandable study |
| What is a con of case studies? | can sometimes be misleading (can't be replicated, overgeneralizing) |
| What is a pro of case studies? | memorable device for psychologists to observe behavior |
| What is naturalistic observation? | watch behavior in a natural environment without trying to manipulate the situation |
| What is a pro of naturalistic observation? | great at observing behavior |
| What is a con of naturalistic observation? | limited in explaining it |
| Who wrote the book Sexual Behavior in the Human Male/Female? | Alfred Kinsey |
| What is sampling Bias/Random Sample? | equally selected to answer the question |
| What is a pro of sampling bias/random sample? | great way to get people's beliefs |
| What is a con of sampling bias/random sample? | different wording or shaping of the question can switch or turn the belief |
| Correlation is not ________ | causation |
| What is pro of correlation? | predict the possibility of cause-and-effect relationships |
| What is a con of correlation? | can not prove the cause and effect relationships |
| What are experiments? | allow investigators to isolate different effect by manipulating an independent variable, and keeping other variables constant |
| What are the 2 different groups in an experiment? | experimental and control |
| What is the experimental group? | going to get "messed with" |
| What is the control group? | not going to get "messed with" |
| Why do experimenters have to randomly assign samples? | to minimize outside factors that may mess up the results |
| What is placebo? | inert substance |
| What is double-blind procedure? | don't know which case is experimental/control so they don't influence their results through their own behavior |
| The independent variable is to ______, as the dependent variable is to __________. | manipulation, measurement |
| What is the best tool you have for understanding other people? | science |
| Who studied sleep, dreams, the senses, and memory? | Aristole |
| Who 2 early Greek philosophers commonly discussed the human experience? | Aristotle and Plato |
| Who said "I think, therefore I am!" | Rene Descartes |
| What is the philosophical idea that the mind and body are in some categorical way separate from each other, and that mental phenomena are, in some aspects, non-physical in nature? | Interactive Dualism |
| What is the early school os psychological thought that emphasized studying the most basic components, or structures, of conscious experience? | Structuralism |
| The examination of one's own mental and emotional processes? | Introspection |
| Who is the father of Functionalism? | William James |
| Emphasized studying the purpose, or function of behavior and mental processes? | Functionalism |
| Who was the 1st PhD recipient in the United States? | G. Stanley Hall |
| Who was the 1st female APA President? | Mary Whiton Culkin |
| Who was the 1st female PhD recipient? | Margaret Floy Washburn |
| What book did William James write? | The Principles of Psychology |
| What is the Principles of Psychology about? | science of mental health |
| When was the Principles of Psychology written? | 1890 |
| Who is the father of Psychoanalysis? | Sigmund Freud |
| What is the psychoanalytical technique in which the patient spontaneously reports all thoughts, feelings, and mental images that arise, revealing unconscious thoughts and emotions? | Free Association |
| Who wrote The Interpretation of Dreams? | Sigmund Freud |
| What book 1st used the term psychoanalysis? | The Interpretation of Dreams |
| What is psychoanalysis? | Behaviors are affected by unconscious motives |
| What motives are we not aware of but we can come to understand them? | Dream Interpretation, Free Association, and Self Insight |
| What did Sigmund Freud think mental illness could be cured by? | TALKING CARE |
| What is behaviorism? | emphasis on observable behaviors |
| Who are the 3 notable figures of the school of behaviorism? | John B. Watson, Ivan Pavlov, and BF Skinner |
| Ivan Pavlov is the work of what? | Digestive Glands |
| What perspective emphasizes studying the physical bases of human and animal behavior, including the nervous system, immune system, and genetics? | Biological Perspective |
| What perspective studies how behavior is acquired or modified by environmental consequences. Behavioral psychologist believe that people and animals are mere victims of their environment? | Behavior Perspective |
| What perspective focuses on the important role of mental processes in how people process information, develop language, solve problems, and think? | Cognitive Perspective |
| What perspective focuses on the motivation of people to grow psychologically, the influences on a person's self-concept, and the importance of choice and self-direction in striving to reach one's potential? | Humanistic Perspective |
| What perspective emphasizes the importance of unconscious influence, early life experiences, and interpersonal relationships in explaining the underlying dynamics of behavior. behavior is shaped through childhood experiences and unconscious urges? | Psychodynamic Perspective |
| What perspective focuses on how cultural factors influence patterns of behavior. Psychologist study the diversity of human behavior in different culture settings? | Sociocultural Perspective |
| What perspective applies the principles of evolution, specifically natural selection, to explain psychological processes. Psychological processes are the result of evolutionary traits (survival of the fittest)? | Evolutionary Perspective |
| What perspective integrates biological processes, psychological factors, and social forces to provide a more complete picture of behavior and mental processes? | Biopsycosocial Perspective |
| Biology? | physical health, genetic vulnerabilities, drug effects |
| Social? | peers, family circumstances, family relationships |
| Psychological? | coping skills, social skills, family relationships, self-esteem, mental health |
| Cognitive? | our thought process (point to brain with index finger) |
| Developmental? | behavioral perspective of psychology (middle finger - bad behavior) |
| Mental & Physical Health? | healthy lifestyle choice/social (ring finger - positive choice to marry) |
| Biological? | naturally born with (pinky finger - all naturally born with a small finger) |
| Social & Personality? | how we interact (palm of hand - greet someone with a high five) |
| What type of research uses scientific procedures that involve systematically observing behavior in order to describe the relationship among behaviors and events? | Descriptive Research |
| What are the advantages of Descriptive Research? | show strength of a relationship between 2 variables - not cause and effect/answers who, what, when, and where questions |
| What research is a method of investigation used to demonstrate cause and effect relationships by purposely manipulating one factor thought to produce change in another factor? | Experimental Research |
| Case studies are an example of what type of research? | Descriptive Research |
| What are case studies? | intensive study of a single individual or small groups, of individuals |
| What is an advantage of case studies? | allow a lot of detail to be collected scientific experiments can be conducted |
| What is a disadvantage of case studeis? | data is specific to specific case experimental bias |
| Naturalistic Observation is an example of what type of research? | Descriptive Research |
| What is the systematic observation and recording of behaviors as they occur in their natural setting. Basic goal is to detect behavior patterns as they already exist? | Naturalistic Observation |
| What is an advantage of Naturalistic Observation? | researchers study human behavior that cannot ethically be manipulated in an experiment |
| What is a disadvantage of Naturalistic Observation? | researcher has little-to-no control of variables |
| Survey is an example of what type of research? | Descriptive Research |
| What is a questionaire or interview designed to investigate the opinions, behaviors, or characteristics of a particular group. Most common research method? | Survey |
| What is an advantage of a survey? | info gathered from large group of people good statical significance |
| What is a disadvantage of a survey? | people don't always answer honestly tendency to respond in socially desirable ways |
| Population? | group being studied |
| Sample? | smaller portion that represents the population |
| Random Selection? | participants in a given population have an equal chance of being chosen |
| Correlational Study is an example of what type of research? | Descriptive Research |
| What allows the precise calculation of how strongly related 2 factors are to each other? | Correlational Study |
| What is an advantage of Correlational Study? | collect way more data than experiments, opens up other research topics/ideas, shows strength of relationship |
| What is a disadvantage of a correlational study? | only uncovers relationships, not cause and effect |
| What ranges from 0-1. closer to 1 the stronger the relationship? | Correlational Coefficent |
Created by:
kiwi_murphy04
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