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Chapter 1 Review
AP Psychology
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are the aspects of psychology? | Focus healthy and productive tools to help people and seek to answer questions about the mind. |
| What is psychology? | scientific study of human thought and human and animal behavior |
| Plato? | Each of us has our own perception of the world which is unique to ur life experiences |
| How is reality shaped? | by our experiences |
| Who believed to understand something, you have to study specific examples in nature from their observations and data? | Aristotle |
| What is the result of experience? | knowing |
| What is motivation, linguistics, and perception? | Thinking |
| Who believed further that the 2 parts interact in a cause-and-effect relationship? | Rene Descartes |
| What is a two-part quality to human existence? | Dualism |
| What are the two parts of Dualism? | Body and Mind |
| What does the "body" of dualism represent? | physical (includes the brain) |
| What does the "mind" of dualism represent? | non-pysical |
| Who believed that all people are born a "blank slate" and experience in the world shapes the person, filling "blank slate" | John Locke |
| What is empiricism? | understanding subjects; (human behavior), examining data rather than using intuition |
| Nature is to _____. Nurture is to ____. | Genetics; Environment |
| Who is the father of psychology? | Wilhem Wundt |
| Who was the 1st person to study humans in a laboratory setting? | Wilhem Wundt |
| What was the 1st laboratory? | Leipzig, Germany |
| When was the 1st laboratory created? | 1879 |
| What person wanted to use introspection? | Wilhem Wundt |
| What is introspection? | required people to report their conscious experiences in relation to a number of difference objects |
| Why was introspection unsuccessful? | responses were too subjective and changed from trial to trial |
| Who brought Wundt's ideas to the United States. He broke down the conscious experiences with using Wundt's techniques? | Edward Titchener |
| Who coined the term structuralism? | Edward Titchener |
| What is the 1st school of psychology? | structuralism |
| Who studied the function of consciousness? | William James |
| Who was William James influenced by? | Charles Darwin |
| What is evolution? | organisms change over time and adapt to their environment the adaptations serve the function of promoting survival are passed onto offspring |
| Who coined the term of stream of consciousness? | William James |
| What was the 1st Psychology textbook? | Principles of Psychology |
| Who wrote the Principles of Psychology? | William James |
| Who got lessons from William James, conducted early studies on memory, 1st woman president of the American psychological association, and founded one of the 1st psychology laboratories @ Wellesley college? | Mary Whiton Calkins |
| Who was the 1st woman to receive her Ph.D in psycholgy? | Margaret Floy Washburn |
| Who did Margaret Floy Weshburn study under? | Raymond Cattell |
| What was unique about Raymond Cattell? | 16 personality traits |
| Who wrote The Animal Mind about animal behavior? | Margaret Floy Washburn |
| Who served as president of American psychological association and taught psychology @ vassar? | Margaret Floy Washburn |
| Who undertook investigation of the living conditions of poor people with mental illness? | Dorothea Dix |
| Who was the 1st president of the American Psychological Association? | G. Stanley Hall |
| Who founded the 1st journal for research in psychology and created the 1st psychological laboratory in the United States? | G. Stanley Hall |
| What was the 1st psychological laboratory in the United States? | John Hopkins University |
| Who studies Gestalt Psychology? | Max Wertheimer |
| What is Gestalt Psycology? | encouraged looking @ the shape or form of the whole |
| Who believed psychological aliments could be treated by "the talking cure"? | Sigmund Freud |
| What is unconscious? | a depository of memories, feelings, and drives, many of them unwanted, that are beyond the reach of conscious awareness |
| What is latent? | hidden |
| Another word for the meaning of dreams is? | Interpretation of Dreams |
| What are the 3 conflicting parts of our personality? | Id, Superego, and Ego |
| What is Id? | wants/desires (motived by sex/aggression) |
| What is Superego? | conscience/leads us to do the right thing |
| What is Ego? | to get what you want within the confines set by society |
| What are the 2 psychodynamics? | thermodynamics and libido |
| What is thermodynamics? | studies the flow and transfer of energy |
| What is libido? | instinctual desire (sexual desire) |
| What is believed was a source of psychological energy? | sexual pleasure |
| Unconscious cannot be studied _______. | objectively |
| Psychoanalytic theory was criticized for lack of ____________. | Scientific Objectivity |
| Freud overemphasized influence of _____________. | Unconscious Behavior |
| What is the behavioral approach? | focus on observable behavior |
| Who believed behavior needed to be observable to be objectively and empirically measured? | John Watson |
| Who placed cats in puzzle boxes and found that once cats figured how to escape for a reward, they would repeat the behavior over and over? | Edward Thorndike |
| What is the law of effect? | satisfying effect will repeat, undesirable effect will not repeat |
| Behaviorism is often described as the study of _______________. | stimulus and response learning |
| What is technique of paired associations? | Classical conditioning |
| Who used classical conditioning with salivating dogs? | Ivan Pavlov |
| Who believed in radical behaviorism? | B.F Skinner |
| What is the behavior that should be studied objectively using the scientific method and only what is observable, measureable | Radical Behaviorism |
| What is Operant Conditioning? | behavior repeats |
| Who created he Operant Conditioning Chamber? (skinner box) | B.F Skinner |
| What is the Operant Conditioning Chamber? | an animal would be trained to complete voluntary behavior |
| What is the cognitive approach? | studies how thinking and perception influence behavior |
| What are examples of cognitive approach? | memory, problem-solving, decision-making, and perception |
| Who studied how children's cognitive development unfolds? | John Piaget |
| What is the humanistic approach? | more positive outlook on people related tp their motivation to fulfill their potential |
| Who the founder of the humanistic approach and acknowledged that environments may not always be ideal and can prevent individuals from reaching their potential? | Carl Rogers |
| Who created the hierarchy of needs/people move from basic biological needs to full potential? | Abraham Maslow |
| What is the sociocultural approach? | emphasizes the impact of people's culture, religion, ethnicity, gender, income level, and overall environment on the individuals they become |
| What is the biological/neurobiological/physiological approach? | examining how genetics , nervous system, hormones, and brain structures influence a person's thinking and behavior |
| What does the biological/neurobiological/physiological approach focus on? | focuses on how biological treatments may improve certain conditions |
| What is the evolutionary approach? | look for aspects of human thought and behavior that may give individuals or their genes a better chance for survival in the future |
| What is an example of evolutionary approach? | examine why many people have an aversion to bitter tastes |
| What is the biopsycosocial model? | model of treating patients that looked for explanations of illness as well as potential treatments by examining the interactions of the patient's biology, personality, and social influences |
| Who created the biopsycosocial model? | George L. Engel |
| How does a applied psychologist work? | He works face to face |
| Which psychologists use knowledge of basic researchers to directly help individuals? | Applied Psychologists |
| Which psychologists focus on completing research? | Basic Psychologists |
| Which psychologists increase knowledge on human thinking and human/animal behavior? | Basic Psychologists |
| Who are medical doctors and can prescribe medication to patients who may benefit from them? | Psychiatrists |
| What is medication management? | finding the right medications to successfully treat disorders and monitoring their effectiveness and side effects |
| What psychologists work with individuals who may be suffering from psychological disorders? | Clinical Psychologists |
| What psychologists work with individuals who are going through a difficult time in their lives but are unlikely to have a mental illness? | Counseling Psychologists |
| What psychologists study how the design of certain products can improve use? | Human Factors Psychologists |
| What psychologists work in human resources, work to increase workers morale, sexual harassment training or on the job seminars? | Industrial Organizational Psychologists |
| What psychologists work face to face setting, evaluate students for special programs? | School Psychologists |
| What psychologists investigate how the structures in one's brain or nervous system influence behavior? | Biological Psychologists |
| What psychologists investigate how people's thinking and perception of situations influence behavior? | Cognitive Psychologists |
| What psychologists study how people change and develop over their life span? | Developmental Psychologists |
| What psychologists research how people learn and remember information? | Educational Psychologists |
| What psychologists form the largest category of basic psychologist? | Experimental Psychologists |
| What psychologists provide personality inventories, which are later analyzed and assessed? | Personality Psychologists |
| What psychologists interpreting personality or intelligence tests or analyzing the data produced by basic psychologists to determine findings? | Psychometric Psychologists |
| What psychologists examine the influence of family, culture, religion, and peer group on behavior? | Social Psychologists |
| What psychologists scientifically examines emotion and traits that allow people to live happy and fulfilling lives? | Positive Psychologists |
Created by:
kiwi_murphy04
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