Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Module 26
UNIT 4 How We Learn and Classical Conditioning
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Learning | the process of acquiring through experience new and relatively enduring information or behaviors. |
| Habituation | decreasing responsiveness with repeated exposure to a stimulus. |
| Associative Learning | learning that certain events occur together. The evetns may be two stimuli (as in classical conditioning) or a response and its consequence (as in operant conditioning). |
| Stimulus | any event or situation that evokes a response. |
| Respondent Behavior | behavior that occurs as an automatic response to some stimulus. |
| Operant Behavior | behavior that operates on the environment, producing consequences. |
| Cognitive Learning | the acquisition of mental information, whether by observing events, by watching others, or through language. |
| Classical Conditioning | a type of learning in which we link two or more stimuli; as a result, to illustrate with Pavlov's classic experiment, the first stimulus (a tone) comes to elicit behavior (drooling) in anticipation of the second stimulus (food). |
| Behaviorism | the view that psychology (1) should be an objective science that (2) studies behavior without reference to mental processes. Most research psychologists today agree with (1) but not with (2). |
| Neutral Stimulus | in classical conditioning, a stimulus that elicits no response before conditioning. |
| Unconditioned Response (UR) | in classical conditioning, an unlearned, naturally occurring response 9such as salivation) to an unconditioned stimulus (US) (such as food in the mouth). |
| Unconditioned Stimulus | in classical conditioning, a stimulus that unconditionally--naturally and automatically--triggers an unconditioned response (UR). |
| Conditioned Response (CR) | in classical conditioning, a learned response to a previously neutral (but now conditioned) stimulus (CS). |
| Conditioned Stimulus (CS) | in classical conditioning, an originally neutral stimulus that, after association with an unconditioned stimulus (US), comes to trigger a conditioned response (CR). |
| Acquisition | in classical conditioning, the initial stage, when one links a neutral stimulus and an unconditioned stimulus so that the neutral stimulus begins triggering the conditioned response. In operant conditioning, the strengthening of a reinforced response. |
| Higher-Order Conditioning | a procedure in which the conditioned stimulus in one conditioning experience is paired with a new neutral stimulus, creating a second (often weaker) conditioned stimulus. For example, an animal that has learned that a tone predicts food might then learn t |
| Extinction | the diminishing of a conditioned response; occurs in classical conditioning when an unconditioned stimulus (US) does not follow a conditioned stimulus (CS); occurs in operant conditioning when a response is no longer reinforced. |
| Spontaneous Recovery | the reappearance, after a pause, of an extinguished conditioned response. |
| Generalization | the tendency, once a response has been conditioned, for stimuli similar to the conditioned stimulus to elicit similar responses. (In operant conditioning, generalization occurs when responses learned in one situation occur in other, similar situations.) |
| Discrimination | in classical, the learned ability to distinguish between a conditioned stimulus and similar stimuli that do not signal an unconditioned stimulus. (In operant, the ability to distinguish responses that are reinforced from similar response that are not rein |
Created by:
chujacqueline
Popular Psychology sets