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psych chapter 8

QuestionAnswer
thought any mental activity or info processing
bounded rationality notion that there are many barriers humans face to being fully rational in our thought processes and decisions
Heuristics tactic to increase thinking efficiency, mental "shortcut"
Bias systematic thinking error, often the result of using a heuristic
Representativeness heuristic judgement of probability that a person fits within a certain category
why is the representativeness heuristic problematic? ignores base rates
Availability heuristic estimation of the likelihood of an event; "off the top of my head"
overconfidence tendency to estimate accuracy much higher than reality
why is over confidence problematic? costly decisions could be avoided if we were more humble/tentative
Anchoring basing one’s decision and/or judgment comparatively against initial info
Why is anchoring problematic? Because the initial info might not be valid
Framing presenting info in a way which highlights certain aspects or skew in favor one way or another
How can you improve cognition? 1. slow down 2. seek evidence 3. think carefully 4. restrain emotions
Intelligence broadly an individual's cognitive capability or mental power
what is the standard deviation on an IQ test? 15 points
What do most IQ tests share a combination of? 1. verbal 2. spatial 3. memory 4. speed
Fluid processing, flexibility, problem-solving
crystallized info, facts, statistic knowledge
what model of intelligence spans 8 different levels? Howard Gardner's "multiple intelligences"
How can you boost an IQ? 1. healthy diet 2. good sleep hygiene 3. avoid over use of substances 4. have a growth mindset
Created by: chloemcmillin
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