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Sensation&Perception
Modules 20-21
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Outer Ear | funnels sound waves to the ear drum |
| Middle ear | The chamber between the eardrum and the cochlea containing three tiny bones(hammer, anvil, and stirrup) that concentrate the vibrations of the eardrum on the cochlea's oval window |
| Inner ear | the inner most part of the ear, containing the cochlea, semicircular canals and vesicular sacs, and amplify the vibrations and relay them to the fluid-filled cochlea |
| cochlea | a boiled bony fluid-filled tube in the inner ear. sound waves traveling through the cochlea fluid trigger nerve impulses |
| oval window | membrane covered opening |
| basil membrane | part of auditory system separates incoming sounds into its component frequencies that activate different cochlear regions |
| hair cells | sound receptors; transduce mechanical energy into neural impulses that form the auditory nerve |
| auditory nerve | sends messages to the thalamus which are sent to the auditory cortex in the temporal lobe |
| sensorineural hearing loss | hearing loss caused. by damage to the cochleas receptor cells or to the auditory nerves; most common form of hearing loss/also called nerve deafness |
| cochlear implant | bionic ear |
| conductions hearing loss | a less common form of hearing loss, caused by damage to the mechanical system that conducts sound waves to the cochlea |
| place theory | in hearing, the theory that links the pitch we hear with the place where the cochleas membrane is stimulated |
| frequency theory | in hearing, the theory that the rate of the nerve impulses traveling up the auditory never matches the frequency of a tone, thus enabling us to sense its pitch(also called temporal theory) |
| sound localization | determine the location of a sound and where it originates from directionally |
| what are the four basic skin sensations: | pressure, warmth, cold, pain |
| pain&nocireceptors | sensory receptors respond to potentially damaging stimuli by sending an impulse to the spinal cord, which passes messages to the brain, which interprets signals as pain |
| gate-control theory | the spinal cord contains a neurological "gate" that blocks pain signals or allows them to pass on to the brain. The gate is opened by the activity of pain signals traveling up small nerve fibers/closed by larger fibers/information coming from brain |
| phantom limb sensations | without normal sensory input, the brain may missinterpret and amplify spontaneous but irrelevant central nervous system activity |
| endorphins and pain | our brain releases a natural painkillers endorphins in response to severe pain or even rigorous exercise |
| placebo and pain | placebos can help by dampening the central nervous systems attention and responses to painful experiences mimicking painkilling drugs |
| what are the five taste sensations humans have? | sweet, sour, salty, bitter, umami |
| kinesthesia | our movement sense-our system for sensing the position and movement of our individual body parts |
| vestibular sense | our sense of body movement and position that enables our sense of balance |
| semicircular canals and vestibular sacs | hair cells are stimulated by movement, and your vestibular sacs respond to the movement with similar receptors, balancing it out and creating an equilibrium(senses tilt or rotation of our head maintaining balance) |
| sensory interaction | the principle that one sense may influence another, as when the smell of food influences its taste |
| mcgurk effect | perceptual phenomenon that demonstrates an interaction between hearing and vision in speech perception. occurs when the auditory component of the sound is paired with the visual component of another sound, leading to perception |
| embodied cognition | the influence of bodily sensations, gestures, and other states of cognitive preferences and judgements |
| synesthesia | stimulation of one sense(such as hearing sound) triggers an experience of another (such as seeing color) |
Created by:
Caitlyncarnell
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