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CPHS Social Psych.
CPHS Social Psychology Stack #35598
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Social Psychology | The study of how individuals influence and are influenced by the thoughts, feelings, and behaviors of other people. |
| Attitudes | Long-lasting patterns of feelings and beliefs about other people, ideas, or objects that are based in a person's past experiences, shape his or her future behavior, are evaluative in nature, and serve certain functions. |
| Elaboration likelihood model | A theory suggesting that there are two routes to attitude change: central, which focuses on thoughtful, elaborative considerations; and peripheral, which focuses on less careful, more emotional, and even superficial considerations. |
| Cognitive dissonance | A state in which individuals feel uncomfortable because they hold two or more thoughts, attitudes, or behaviors that are inconsistent with one another. |
| Self-perception theory | Approach to attitude formation in which people are assumed to infer their attitudes on the basis of observation of their own behavior. |
| Reactance | Inconsistency between a person's self-image as being free to choose and the person's realization that someone else is trying to force him or her to choose a particular alternative (being attracted to "forbidden fruit") |
| Social Cognition | The thought making process involved in making sense of events, people, oneself, and the world through analyzing and interpreting them. |
| Impression formation | The process by which a person uses the behavior and appearance of others to infer their internal states and intentions. |
| Nonverbal communication | Information provided by cues or actions that involve movements of the body, especially the face. |
| Body Language | Communication of information through body positions and gestures. |
| Attribution | The process by which a person infers other people's motives and intentions through observing their behavior and deciding whether the causes of the behavior are dispositional (internal) or situational (external). |
| Fundamental Attribution Error | The tendency to attribute other people's behavior to dispositional (internal) causes rather than situational (external) causes. |
| Actor-observer Effect | The tendency to attribute the behavior of others to dispositional causes but to attribute one's own behavior to situational causes. |
| Self-serving Bias | People's tendency to evaluate their own positive behaviors as due to their own internal traits and characteristics, but their failures and shortcomings to external, situational factors. |
| Conformity | People's tendency to change attitudes or behaviors to be consistent with other people or with social norms. |
| Bystander Apathy | The unwillingness of witnesses to an event to help, an effect that increases when there are more observers. |
| Deindividuation | The process by which individuals in a group lose their self-awareness and concern with evaluation. |
| Foot-in-the-Door Technique | Begin by asking for a small attitude change or favor. A person who grants a small request is likely to comply with a larger request later. |
| Door-in-the-Face Technique | First ask for something outrageous; then later ask for something much smaller and more reasonable. |
| Ask-and-You-Shall-Be-Given Technique | When asked to contribute money for a good cause, most people comply; ask someone who has given before, and the request is even more likely to be granted. |
| Lowballing Technique | Technique by which a person is influenced to make a decision or commitment because of the low stakes associated with it. Once the decision is made, the stakes may increase; but the person is likely to stick with original decision. |
| Groupthink | The phenomenon of people in a group reinforcing one another and seeking concurrence and group cohesiveness, rather than effectively evaluating choices and reasoning |
| Schemas | Cognitive structures that guide our perceptions of people and events. |
| Obedience | Compliance with the orders of another person or group of people. |
| Primacy Effect | The tendency of our first impression to bias our interpretation of subsequent behavior |
| Consensus | Degree to which others would behave in a similar situation |
| Consisitency | The degree to which a person has acted similarly before in a similar situation |
| Self-fulfilling Prophecy | Phenomenon that expectations for particular behaviors bring about those behaviors (due to the way the person having expectations acts toward subject) |
Created by:
cbolthouse
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