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Personality Theories

Freud, Jung, & Adler

QuestionAnswer
Anecdotal experiences One's own life experiences
science method of obtaining knowledge
Axis I clinical disorders
Axis II personality and mental disorders
Axis III general medical conditions
Axis IV psychosocial stressors
Axis V GAF
personality pattern of relatively permanent traits and unique characteristics that give both consistency and individuality to a person's behavior
traits individual, consistent, reliable
characteristics unique qualities of an individual, descriptive aspects
theory set of related assumptions that we use to deduce to formulate testable hypotheses
pauper's law of falsify ability laws are good when they prove what is wrong
characteristics of a good theory must generate research falsifiable allows to organize data guides action internally consistent parsimonious - short & simple as possible
Freud: 3 levels of mental life unconscious preconscious conscious
Freud: 2 primary energies sex aggression
Freud: 3 provinces of the mind id ego superego
anxiety a felt, affective, unpleasant state accompanied by a physical sensation that warns a person of impending danger
repression forcing of threatening feeling into the unconscious
what happens to repressed feelings? 1. just sit there 2. boil up to surface 3. come back up to surface in displaced or disguised forms
reaction formation repressed impulse that comes across in disguise as the opposite of repressed feelings
displacement redirection of repressed urge onto a variety of other objects
fixation tries to protect from having to move from one developmental stage to another
regression stressful event occurs - revert to previous developmental stage
projection seeing in someone else the unwanted repressed impulses that reside in you
interjection underlying anxiety dealt with by taking on positive qualities of another person
sublimation repressed urge to come out in art, music, etc.
Freud's techniques dream analysis, free association
Carl Jung, Levels of mental life personal unconscious collective unconscious
archetype ancient "prototypes" from which copies can be produced - developed out of collective unconscious
persona primary contact with outside world, public face, ego
shadow archetype of darkness and repression id
anima & animus all are psychologically bisexual and all exhibit masculine and feminine qualities
greatmother preexisting concept of mother fertility & nourishment vs. power & destruction
wise old man wisdom & meaning, symbolizes preexisting human knowledge of the mysteries of life
hero can only be represented by someone with a weakness
self expression of inherited tendency to move toward growth, perfection, & completion
mandala wholeness, completeness, represented by a circle
introversion inward turning of psychic energy & orientation of projected self
extraversion outward turning of psychic entergy & orientation of objective
sensing physical stimuli- perceptual consciousness, absolute elementary facts
thinking logical/intellectual activity
feeling process of evaluation an idea or event
intuiting perceptions beyond workings of consciousness
Jung: Stages of development childhood youth middle life old age
Jung: techniques word association test dream analysis
Adler's theory striving for superiority
6 Tenants 1. same drive, different goals 2. subjective perceptions shape humanity 3. unity & self consistency of personality 4. social interest 5. style of life 6. creative power
why do some people create maladjustments? 1. exaggerated physical deficiencies 2. pampered style of life - no strong social interest 3. neglected style of life - distrust, society is enemy
what is the difference between Adler's safeguarding tendencies and Freud's defense mechanisms? defense mechanism's primary goal is to keep unconscious from becoming conscious, where safeguarding tendencies protect self-esteem to maintain current style of life
excuses most common, first state what they would like to do, followed by excuse that keeps from having to confront reality
aggression depreciation: undervaluing others' achievements accusation: blaming others for failures
withdrawal run away from difficulties so not to have to face them
masculine protest overemphasizing the importance of being manly
Popular Psychology sets

 

 



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