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Physiology Midterm
Chapters 1-6
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Depolarization | occurs when Na+ channels open, allowing Na+ to move to an area of lower concentration (and more negative charge) inside the cell reversing the polarity to an inside-positive state. |
| Repolarization | occurs when K+ channels then open, allowing K+ to move to an area of lower concentration (and more negative charge) outside the cell reversing the polarity back to an inside-negative state. |
| Refractory Period | A brief period during which a local area of an axon’s membrane resists re-stimulation . |
| Synapse | The place where signals are transmitted from one neuron, to another neuron. |
| Spatial Summation | Is when progressively larger numbers of primary afferent neurons are activated simultaneously, until sufficient neurotransmitter is released to activate an action potential in the spinal cord neuron. |
| Temporal Summation | when synaptic knobs stimulate a postsynaptic neuron in rapid succession, their effects can add up over a brief period to pro-duce an action potential |
| Neurotransmitters | The means by which neurons talk to one an-other. At billions, or more likely, trillions, of synapses throughout the body. |
| Homeostasis | Relatively constant states maintained by the body. |
| Afferent | Means that a signal is traveling toward a particular center or point of reference |
| Efferent | Means that the signal is moving away from a center or other point of reference. |
| Positive Feedback | Instead of opposing a change in the internal environment and causing a return to normal, positive feedback tends to amplify or rein-force the change that is occurring. |
| Negative feedback loop | Occurs when some function of the output of a system, process, or mechanism is fed back in a manner that tends to reduce the fluctuations in the output. |
| Stimulus | A change in a variable that elicits a reaction in a feedback loop. |
| Circadian Cycle | The body’s internal clock mechanisms raise and lower set points for some variables in a daily high-low rhythm. |
| Intrinsic Control | Also called local control or autoregulation, intrinsic mechanisms often make use of chemical signals. |
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kelly77adams
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