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Pers Psych Ch3
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| free association | under the right circumstances patients describe previously hidden material that seemed related to the causes/cure of their hysterical symptoms, even w/o hypnosis |
| topographic model | 3 levels of awareness- conscious, preconscious, unconscious |
| conscious | thoughts you are currently aware of |
| preconscious | large body of retrievable information |
| unconscious | material to which you have no immediate access |
| structural model | divides personality into the id, the ego, and the superego. these 3 things compliment each other |
| id | the selfish part of your personality. at birth there is only the id, only concerned with satisfying your personal desires (based on pleasure principle). uses wish fulfillment |
| ego | to satisfy id impulses, but in a manner that takes into consideration the realities of the world (based on the reality principle). keeps id impulses in unconscious. moves freely through awareness. satisfy id but considers the consequences of the action. |
| superego | represents society’s—and, in particular, the parents’—values and standards. places more restrictions on what we can/cannot do. primary weapon is guilt. aka your conscience. |
| pleasure principle | immediate personal satisfaction regardless of physical/social limitations |
| wish fulfillment | if the desired object is unavailable, the id will imagine what it wants |
| reality principle | the ego's control of the pleasure-seeking activity of the id in order to meet the demands of the external world. |
| moral anxiety | an ever-present feeling of shame and guilt—for failing to reach standards no human can meet |
| triebe | drives or instincts, the strong internal forces that motivate human behavior |
| libido | the life or sexual instinct |
| thanatos | the death or aggressive instinct |
| sexually motivated | any decision aimed at receiving pleasure |
| death instinct | desire to die and return to the earth, most often turned outward and expressed as aggression against others. the wish to die remains unconscious. |
| neurotic anxiety | vague feelings of anxiety sparked by the sensation that unacceptable unconscious thoughts are about to burst through the awareness barrier and express themselves in consciousness |
| defense mechanism | techniques to deal with unwanted thoughts and desires |
| repression* | DM-an active effort by the ego to push threatening material out of consciousness or to keep that material from ever reaching consciousness |
| displacement* | DM-channeling our impulses to nonthreatening objects,these displaced impulses don’t lead to social rewards |
| projections* | DM-attributing an unconscious impulse to other people instead of to ourselves |
| sublimation * | DM-described as the only truly successful DM. to channel threatening unconscious impulses into socially acceptable actions |
| symbolic displacement | many of our seemingly irrational fears |
| denial | refusal to accept certain facts exist, despite evidence to the contrary |
| reaction formation * | hiding from threatening unconscious ideas or urges by acting in a manner opposite to our unconscious desires |
| Intellectualization | considering something in a strictly intellectual, unemotional manner |
| psychosexual stages of development | oral anal phallic latency genital |
| oral stage* | 0-18 mths, primary erogenous zones- mouth-lips-tongue, trauma during weaning or feeding may result in an oral fixation or personality.smoke or drink excessively as an adult |
| anal stage* | 18 mths -3 yrs, primary erogenous zones-anal region, trauma during toilet training may result in anal personality, orderly and rigid or stubborn or generous |
| phallic stage* | 3-6 yrs, erogenous zones-penis or clitoris, at the end of this stage children develop the oedipus complex, boys can develop castration anxiety-girls can develop penis envy |
| oedipus complex | when a child develops sexual attraction towards the opposite sex parent |
| castration anxiety | boys will fear that their fathers will discover their thoughts and cut off their penis. If they have seen their sisters genitals may think this has already befallen them. |
| penis envy | a girls desire to have a penis and may develop feelings of inferiority and jealousy bc of its absence |
| latency stage* | 6-puberty, boys and girls are largely uninterested in each other until puberty |
| genital stage* | puberty+, erogenous zone-adult genitals, if a child progresses to this stage without leaving large amounts of libido fixated at earlier stages, normal sexual function is possible |
| manifest content | what the dreamer sees and remembers |
| latent content | what is really being expressed in the dream |
| projective tests | present test takers with ambiguous stimuli and ask them to respond by identifying objects, telling a story, or perhaps drawing a picture...inkblots or vague pictures |
| free association | strange, uncensored ideas flowing into your awareness |
| psychoanalysis | to bring crucial unconscious material into consciousness where it can be examined in a rational manner |
| transference | emotions associated with people from the past are displaced onto the therapist |
| rorschach inkblot test( most popular) | -unusual answers and recurring themes are of a particular interest, especially if they are consistent with info revealed during a therapy session |
| Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) | series of ambiguous pictures (people, facial expressions are left intentionally vague) test takers are asked to tell a story about each picture, who people are, what is going on, what led up to the scene, and what the outcome is going to be. |
| human figure drawing test | blank paper and test takers are asked to draw a picture for the psychologist; person, family, tree; indicator of psychological problems especially in children |
| Identification | defense mechanism-associate themselves with powerful and successful individuals |
Created by:
kwatkins27
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