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ABNRML UNIT 3 2020
Mr. Stickler's Liberty Christian Hnrs. Abnrml. Psyc. Assessment Test 2020
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What does the term "psychological assessment" mean where abnormal psychology is concerned? | This term means "a process of testing that uses a combination of techniques to help arrive at some hypotheses about a person and their behavior, personality and capabilities". |
| What does the term "diagnosis" mean/ refer to? | This term refers to "the identification or recognition of a disorder on the basis of its characteristic symptoms". |
| When do clinicians (such as Licensed Social Workers or Psychiatrists) assign a "diagnosis" to a client's behavior? | Clinicians do this "if the person's behavior meets the specific criteria for a particular type of disorder, such as schizophrenia or major depressive disorder". |
| What does a "categorical approach to classification" assume? | This assumes "that distinctions among members of different categories are qualitative - they reflect a difference in kind (quality) rather than a difference in amount (quantity)". |
| What does a "dimensional approach to classification" describe? | This describes "the objects of classification in terms of continuous dimensions - in other words, how much of a characteristic an object or person has". |
| What does the term "stigma" mean/ refer to? | This term refers to a stamp or label that sets the person apart from others, connects them to undesirable features, and leads others to rejects the person. |
| What does the term "labeling theory" mean/ refer to? | This term refers to a perspective on mental disorders that is primarily concerned with the negative consequences of assigning a diagnostic label, especially how the diagnosis impacts how people thing of themselves. |
| What does the term "DSM-IV-TR" mean? | This acronym stands for "Diagnostic and Statistical Manual 4, Text Revision". |
| What is the purpose of the DSM-IV-TR"? | The purpose of this manual is to provide a listing of agreed upon characteristics and symptoms that mental health professionals can use to classify and diagnose mental illnesses. |
| What are the five (5) axis in the DSM-IV-TR concerned with? | Two of these are concerned with diagnostic criteria, the other three (3) provide for the collection of additional relevant data such as medical conditions, psychosocial, and environmental problems, & a global assessment of current functioning. |
| What is the difference between axes I and axes II in the DSM-IV-TR? | Diagnosis on Axis I are characterized by episodic periods of psychological turmoil, while Axis II is concerned with more stable, long - standing problems (such as personality disorders & mental retardation). |
| What does the "culture - bound syndromes" glossary in the DSM-IV-TR? | This is an inclusion in the DSM-IV-TR that addresses patterns of erratic or unusual thinking & behavior that have been identified in diverse societies around the world that don't fit into other categories in the manual. |
| What does the term "validity" mean/ refer to? | This term refers to "the meaning or importance of a measurement". |
| What does the term "etiological validity" mean/ refer to? | This term relates to "the factors that contribute to the onset of a disorder". It relates to things that have happened in the past. |
| What is "concurrent validity" concerned with? | This is concerned with "the present time and with correlations between the disorder and other symptoms, circumstances, and test procedures". |
| What is "predictive validity" concerned with? | This is concerned with "the future and with the stability of the problem over time". |
| List two (2) of the problems/ limitations of the DSM-IV-TR. | 1.) Included definitions are vague with regard to the threshold of what is "normal" and "abnormal"; 2.) There is no specific definition of "social impairment" in the DSM-IV-TR. |
| What is the most commonly used procedure in "psychological assessment"? | "Clinical interviews" are the most commonly used procedure as far as this is concerned. |
| What does the term "Barnum Effect" mean/ refer to? | This refers to "the practice of saying things about a specific person that are true of virtually all people". |
| Give one (1) example of the "Barnum Effect". | One example of this would be a clinician stating that a client has "ambivalent feelings about their parents". This vague generalization can apply to nearly everyone. |
| List two (2) advantage of interviews as a psychological assessment procedure. | 1.) The interviewer can control the interaction & probe further when needed; 2.) A lot of information can be provided by the client in a short amount of time. |
| List two (2) limitations of interviews as a psychological assessment procedure. | 1.) Some clients are unable or unwilling to provide a rational account of their problems; 2.) Some clients may be reluctant to admit experiences that are embarrassing or scary. |
| How are "observational procedures" conducted? | In these, the interviewer simply observes the client's behavior & records the frequency and intensity of specific outward responses. |
| What is one (1) thing that a clinician might record using "observational procedures"? | The clinician might record the number of times the client taps their fingers nervously on the table during the interview as well as the intensity with which they do this. |
| List two (2) advantage of using "observational measures" as a psychological assessment procedure. | 1.)Rating scales are primarily useful as an overall index of symptom severity or functional impairment; 2.) Behavioral coding systems provide detailed info about the person's behavior in a particular situation. |
| List two (2) limitations of using "observational measures" as a psychological assessment procedure. | 1.) Observers may make mistakes when using these; 2.) Clients may change their behavior - intentionally or unintentionally (this is called "reactivity"). |
| What are "personality inventories"? | These are "a series of straight-forward statements in which the responder indicates whether these are true or false in relation to him or herself". |
| What does the term "actuarial interpretation" mean/ refer to? | This refers to situations in which a clinician analyzes the results of a specific test on the basis of an explicit set of rules that are derived from empirical research. |
| List two (2) limitations of using "personality inventories and self - report inventories" as a psychological assessment procedure. | 1.) The usefulness of the traditional clinical scales has been questioned with regard to the ability to discriminate between different types of mental disorders; 2.) Specific data aren't always available for a particular profile. |
| List two (2) advantages of using "personality inventories and self - report inventories" as a psychological assessment procedure. | 1.) Information provided on the MMPI-1 alerts the clinician to the possibility that clients are careless, defensive, or exaggerating their problems; 2.) The MMPI-2 covers a wide range of problems directly & efficiently. |
| What are "projective tests" where "psychological assessment" is concerned? | In these, the client is presented with a series of ambiguous stimuli and asked to respond to them. |
| List two (2) advantages of using "projective tests" as a psychological assessment procedure. | 1.) Some people are more comfortable talking in these unstructured situations versus structured interviews; 2.) These can provide an interesting source of information regarding the person's unique view of the world. |
| List two (2) limitations of using "projective tests" as a psychological assessment procedure. | 1.) The lack of standardization in administering and scoring these is problematic; 2.) Little info is available on which to base comparisons to "normal" adults & children. |
| List two (2) advantage of using "brain imaging techniques" as a psychological assessment procedure. | 1.) These can be used to rule out neurological conditions that might explain behavioral or cognitive deficits; 2.) These can help clinicians explore the relation between brain functions & specific mental disorders. |
| List two (2) limitations of using "brain imaging techniques" as a psychological assessment procedure. | 1.) Norms have not been established for any of these measures; 2.) These procedures are fairly expensive & some must be used cautiously due to radioactive exposure the client will experience. |
| List two (2) advantages of using "psychophysiological procedures" as a psychological assessment procedure. | 1.) These do not depend on self - report, and, therefore may be less subject to voluntary control; 2.) Some of these can be obtained while the client is sleeping or while they are actively engaged in other activities. |
| List two (2) limitations of using "psychophysiological procedures" as a psychological assessment procedure. | 1.) Some people may be frightened or intimidated by the equipment & electrodes themselves; 2.) There are generally low correlations between different autonomic response systems. |
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