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21_9
Nervous,system, brain regions and TMS
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What way does the Dorsal face in the brain? | - Up |
| What way does the rostral face? | - Front |
| What way does the Caudal face? | - Back |
| What way does the ventral face? | - Down |
| What direction does a Sagittal section cut through the brain? | - Perpendicular to the ground |
| What way does a horizontal section cut through the brain? | - Parallel to the ground |
| What is the function of the nervous system? | - Primary means of communication in the body |
| What are neurons? | - Cells that are specialized for the transmission and reception of information in the nervous system |
| What are the two main divisions of the nervous system? | - Central nervous system - Peripheral nervous system |
| What is the Peripheral nervous system? | - This is the means of communication between the CNS and the sensory organs, skeletal muscles and internal bodily organs |
| What is the central nervous system? | - Consisting of the spinal cord and brain, it is the cental network for incoming/outgoing signals |
| What are the 2 main sub divisions of the peripheral nervous system? | - Autonomic nervous system - Somatic nervous system |
| What are the 2 main subdivisions of the autonomic nervous system? | - Sympathetic nervous system - Parasympathetic nervous system |
| What are the 2 main subdivisions of the somatic nervous system? | - Sensory nerves - Motor nerves |
| What are the function of sensory nerves? | - Sensory nerves send messages from the sensory organs to the central nervous system |
| What are the function of motor nerves? | - Motor nerves send messages from the central nervous system to the skeletal muscles |
| What is the function of the autonomic nervous system? | - The autonomic nervous system controls automatic, involuntary processes |
| What is the function of the Sympathetic nervous system? | - The sympathetic nervous system arouses the body for action (Flight or fight) |
| What is the function of the Parasympathetic nervous system? | - The para sympathetic nervous system calms the body to conserve energy |
| What happens when the spinal cord is injured? | - The exchange of information between the brain and other parts of the body is disrupted |
| What is the purpose of spinal rehabilitation? | - This focuses on LIMITING DEGENERATION to enhance the probability of greater recovery while STIMULATING REGENERATION will build upon the remaining system to RESTORE LOST CONNECTIVITY and perhaps prevent further degeneration |
| Aparts from reduced bodily function, whats the other main factor found with people who’ve suffered spinal injuries? | - Less feeling of intense emotion, the higher up the spine the greater the loss |
| What is interoception? | - Being able to sense the physiological condition of the body i.e itch |
| What is the brain? | - A large mass of neurons, glia and other cells |
| What are the three layers of protection in the brain? | - Skull, Cerebrospinal fluid, Meninges |
| Whatis the role of cerebrospinal fluid in the protection of the brain? | - It acts as a shock absorber and stops our brain bumping around in our skull |
| What is the Meninges? | - Three membranes of protective tissue with CSF between each layer to help protect the brain and act as a shock absorber |
| What are the 3 major subdivisions of the brain? | - Midbrain, Forebrain, Hindbrain |
| What are the three main subdivisions of the hindbrain? | - Cerebellum - Pons - Medulla |
| What are the 2 functions of the cerebellum? | - Muscular movement and coordination - Learning & memory |
| What is impacted when the cerebellum is damaged? | - Impairs movement |
| What 3 parts make up the brain stem? | - Midbrain, Pons and medulla |
| What are the 2 function of the pons? | - Carries nerve impulses from the higher to lower levels of NS - Sleep regulation |
| What is damage to the pons associated with?(2) | - Sleep disorders - Depression |
| What is the midbrain responsible for? (3) | - Receives afferent signals from the spinal cord and parts of the brain - Alerts higher centres to in-coming messages - Blocks or allows messages |
| What part of the brain is associated with loss of consciousness and concussions when disrupted? | - The midbrain |
| What is associated with (long-term) damage to the midbrain? | - Parkinson-like symptoms to problems with eye-movement, vision, hearing, motor symptoms |
| What is the function of the medulla? | - It is responsible for vital body functions such as heart rate and breathing |
| What are the 3 main subdivisions of the forebrain? | - Thalamus, Cortex, Hypothalamus |
| What is the function of the thalamus? (3) | - Processes sensory info - Relay centre of the brain - Sleep/wake regulation |
| What is the function with the Hypothalamus? (3) | - Pituitary and endocrine system - Role in motivation and emotion - Metabolism, hunger, thirst, etc |
| What does the hypothalamus control? | - Autonomic nervous system |
| What are the four F’s of the hypothalamus? | - Fighting - Feeding - Fleeing - Fucking |
| What is the limbic system responsible for? 2 | - Motivation - emotion |
| What are the 2 main sections of the limbic system? | - Hippocampus - Amygdala |
| What is the function of the hippocampus? | - Forming and retrieving memories |
| What is the function of the amygdala? 2 | - Motivational and emotional response patterns - Aggression and fear |
| What is associated with damage to the limbic system? | - Borderline personality disorders |
| What is the cerebral cortex? | - The outermost layer of the human brain |
| What are the four lobes of the cerebral cortex? | - Parietal - Occipital - Frontal - Temporal |
| What is the frontal lobe responsible for? 2 | - Motor control - Higher complex mental processes |
| What part of the brain was damaged in Phineas Gage? | - Frontal lobe |
| What it the parietal lobe responsible for? 2 | - Bodily sensations - Perceiveing spatial relations |
| What is the function of the temporal lobe? | - Responsible for processing hearing |
| What 2 areas of the brain are responsible for processing language? | - Brocas area (production of speech) - Wernickes area (Meaningfulness of speech) |
| What is the occipital lobes function? | - Processing vision |
| What does TMS stand for? | - Transcranial magnetic stimulation |
| What does TMS do? | - Uses magnetic stimulation to disrupt brain activity via a virtual lesion |
| What are the advantages of TMS? 2 | - Can be used repeatedly because its painless and non invasive - Provides information about the functional significance of a brain region |
| What are the disadvantages of TMS? 2 | - Restricted to regions close to the skull - Difficult to interfere with high order cognitive processes |
Created by:
Darrenhoran
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