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Intro to Psych

1-4

TermDefinition
Modern Psychology the scientific study of behavior and mental processes. Scientific is a key feature of the definition because psychologists follow strict scientific procedures to collect and analyze their data.
critical thinking the process of objectively evaluating, comparing, analyzing, and synthesizing information
psuedopsychology based on false or unfounded common beliefs, folk wisdom, or superstitions.
Wilhelm Wundt known as the father of all psychology
William James He founded the perspective known as functionalism and known as the father of American Psychology
Psychodynamic Perspective Unconscious dynamics, motives, conflicts, and past experiences
Behavioral Perspective Objective, observable, environmental influences on overt behavior; stimulus–response (S-R) relationships and consequences for behavior
Humanistic Perspective Free will, self-actualization, and human nature as naturally positive and growth seeking
Cognitive Perspective emphasizes the mental processes we use in thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating
Biological Perspective Genetic and biological processes in the brain and other parts of the nervous system
Evolutionary Perspective Natural selection, adaptation, and reproduction
Sociocultural Perspective Social interaction and the cultural determinants of behavior and mental processes
Positive Psychology the study of optimal human functioning
Natural Selection occurs when a particular genetic trait gives an organism a reproductive advantage over others
Individualistic Culture the needs and goals of the individual are emphasized over the needs and goals of the group.
Collective Culture however, the person is defined and understood primarily by looking at his or her place in the social unit
Clinical Psychologist Specializes in the evaluation, diagnosis, and treatment of psychological disorders
Cognitive Psychologist Examines “higher” mental processes, including thought, memory, intelligence, creativity, and language
Comparative Psychologist Studies the behavior and mental processes of non-human animals; emphasizes evolution and cross-species comparisons
Counseling Psychologist Overlaps with clinical psychology, but generally works with less seriously disordered individuals and focuses more on social, educational, and career adjustment
Developmental Psychologist Studies the course of human growth and development from conception to death
Educational Psychologist Studies the processes of education and works to promote the academic, intellectual, social, and emotional development of children in the school environment
Environmental Psychologist Investigates how people affect and are affected by the physical environment
Health Psychologist Studies how biological, psychological, and social factors affect health, illness, and health-related behaviors
Industrial, Organizational Psychologist Studies how biological, psychological, and social factors affect health, illness, and health-related behaviors
Basic Research conducted to advance core scientific knowledge
Applied Research designed to solve practical (“real-world”) problems
Hypothesis Educated guess based on your literature review
Meta-Analysis When different studies report contradictory findings, researchers may average or combine the results of all such studies and reach conclusions about the overall weight of the evidence
Theory based on empirical evidence, rigorously tested, and self-correcting
Descriptive Research To observe and record behavior and mental processes
Correlation Research To detect if two or more variables are related
Experimental Research To determine potential cause and effect
Case Study in-depth study of a single research participant, or a small group of individuals
Experimental group participants who receive the treatment under study
Control Group participants who do NOT receive the treatment under study
Glial Cells make up about 90% of the brain's total cells.
endorphins They elevate mood and reduce pain
Created by: kayla8894
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