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HPsych-Chapter2:DigS
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| mouth | food is crushed and mixed with saliva containing enzymes to start breaking down starch, moisten, and lubricate food; salivary glands are activated by the brainstem |
| esophagus | peristaltic contractions move the food through here to the stomach |
| stomach | vagus nerve activates gastric secretions including HCl and pepsin, an enzyme acting on proteins; stomach mixes these with food; alcohol can be absorbed here |
| large intesting | aka: colon; first part absorbs water; bacteria converts the remainder to feces, which are stored in the rectum until they pass through the anus |
| small intestine: motility | motility is controlled by the ANS; sympathetic NS slows it, parasympathetic NS speeds it up |
| small intestine: absorption | food is absorbed through the small intestine walls into the blood; carbs are broken down into and absorbed as simple sugars, fats into glycerol and fatty acids, and proteins into amino acids |
| small intestine: digestive juices | pancreatic juices and bile |
| pancreatic juices | added in the first part of the small intestine, the duodenum; break down proteins, fats, and carbohydrates |
| bile | from the liver and added by the gall bladder to break down fats; the liver breaks down old RBC's, and the resulting bile color tints food and feces brown; these additions neutralize stomach acid and make contents alkaline |
| functions of bacteria | help regulate the immune system, influence weight and what we crave to eat, help us get vitamins, produce digestive enzymes, help us extract more energy from food than we alone could do |
| location of bacteria associated with the body | live in the skin and in the mouth and digestive tract; appendix may be a reserve for bacteria in case they are depleted |
| gastroenteritis | inflammation of the lining of the stomach and small intestine |
| diarrhea | frequent bowel movements when the lining of the intestines can't absorb food and water properly |
| dysentery | diarrhea with blood and pus caused by bacteria or parasites (amoeba) |
| peptic ulcer | sore on the lining of the stomach or duodenum when stomach secretions attack the lining; bacteria (H. pylori), stress, etc. may be involved |
| appendicitis | inflammation of the appendix-- outlet into the large intestine is blocked and the appendix becomes infected |
| gallstones | stones made of liver secretions block the bile duct |
| hepatitis | viral infection of the liver |
| cirrhosis | liver cells die and are replaced by scar tissue |
| cancer | various types and locations |
Created by:
Jean-O
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