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HPsych- Chapter 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| health | a complete state of physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity |
| health psychology (short) | health psych is devoted to understanding psychological influences on how people stay healthy, why they become ill, and how they respond when they do get ill |
| health psychology (long) | the aggregate of the special educational, scientific, and professional contributions of the discipline of psychology to the promotion and maintenance of health, the prevention and treatment of illness, the identification of etiologic and diagnostic |
| Health psychology (long second) | correlates of health, illness, and related dysfunction, and to the analysis and improvement of health care systems and health policy formation |
| humoral theory | disease resulted when the four humors, or circulating fluids of the body-blood, black bile, yellow bile, and phlegm- were out of balance |
| phlegm | from the head; pneumonia, cold |
| blood | from the heart; angina, arthritis, epilepsy, leprosy, etc |
| black bile | from the spleen and stomach; hepatitis, ulcers, malaria, etc |
| yellow bile | from the liver; cholera, jaundice, stomach ailments |
| Galen | early physician who discovered that a sick animal had injured internal organs compared to a healthy animal |
| Plato | Greek philosopher who thought that the mind and body were separate but humors influenced personality |
| Theory of Cellular Pathology | all disease is disease of the cell |
| Biomedical Model | diseases and physical disorders are physiological problems, separate from the psychological and social processes of the mind; emphasized illness rather than health |
| Dunbar and Alexander | linked personality to illness, said unconscious conflict influenced the ANS, and thus, the body |
| Biopsychosocial Model | health and illness are affected by biological, psychological, and social factors. The mind and body interact to produce health and illness, both of which are emphasized |
| Systems Theory | microlevel biological processes and macrolevel psychological and social factors are linked hierarchically so that a change in one influences the others |
| Epidemiology | studies frequency, distribution, and causes of disease |
| Morbidity | the number of new or existing cases of a disease |
| Mortality | the number of deaths due to particular causes |
| Qualitative Research Methods | Research to obtain data on nonnumerical measures |
| Quantitative Research Methods | Research to get data about quantifiable variables |
| Experimental Method | compares randomly assigned treatment (experimental) and control groups to try to determine causality |
| Correlational Studies | descriptive research design used when variables can't be manipulated. you find the degree of relationship between variables measured on the same people |
| Positive Correlation | variables increase together |
| Negative Correlation | One variable increases and the other decreases |
| Quasi-Experimental Studies | look like experiments since they have different groups of subjects but independent variables are not manipulated, nor subjects randomly assigned |
| Ex post facto designs | type of quasi-experimental design comparing existing groups (ex. males VS females) |
| cross-sectional studies | compare different, existing groups |
| Longitudinal studies | compare the same people across time |
| Prevalence | proportion of a population with a new disease at a given time |
| Incidence | Frequency of new cases in a period |
| Prospective Studies | longitudinal study that studies disease-free people to see if characteristics or behaviors lead to greater disease incidence |
| Retrospective/Case Control Studies | look at the history of subjects with a disease and compare them to others |
| Randomized, Controlled Trials | variables are manipulated like in the experimental method |
| Clinical Trials | study the effects of a new drug or treatment, often using placebo controls and a double blind design |
| Double Blind Design | Subject and administrator both don't know which is the control and which is the test group |
| Natural Experiments | no variable is manipulated, but a factor is selected for study |
| Case Studies | look at the history and characteristics of one or more individual cases to develop leads or hypotheses |
| Surveys | Examine individual practices, attitudes, and/or beliefs using self-report methods |
| Behavior Genetics Research | Investigates heritability of a disorder (amount of variation in a group attributable to genetic factors) |
| Meta-Analysis | statistical technique that allows combining results of several studies of the same effect of phenomenon |
| Reliability | consistency of results |
| Validity | extent to which an instrument measures what it is designed to measure |
Created by:
Jean-O
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