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AP Pyschology 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is distributed practice? | Short study sessions mixed with rest periods. |
| What is motivated forgetting? | Forgetting painful or embarrassing information. |
| What is retrieval? | Process of getting information out of LTM. |
| What is Zeigarnik Effect? | Recall is better for unfinished tasks. |
| What is a mnemonic device? | Method of loci. |
| What is Alzheimer's disease? | Progressive mental deterioration with severe memory loss. |
| What is semantic memory? | Stores general knowledge and facts. |
| What is constructive processes? | Can result in errors and distortions of memory. |
| What is consolidation? | Gradual conversions of information into LTM. |
| What is retroactive interference? | New information interferes with the old. |
| How long does a visual image in sensory memory last? | About 1/2 a second. |
| What is short term memory sometimes called? | Working memory. |
| What does maintenance rehearsal do? | Reenters information in STM. |
| What does chunking enable a person to do? | Organize contents of STM. |
| What is elaborative rehearsal? | An encoding technique associating new info with already stored knowledge in LTM. |
| Where are memory for events stored? | Episodic memory. |
| What is long term potentiation (LTP)? | A relatively permanent change in the strength of synaptic responsiveness believed to be a biological mechanism for learning and memory. |
| Research on flashbulb memories has found what? | That stored memories are subject to alteration. |
| When are we unable to remember information? | When it has deteriorated with the passage of time. |
| What is called when during a French test in college, you remember some Spanish words you learned in high school, these previously learned words would be causing _____ interference...? | Proactive interference |
| What problem is it called when you don't remember whose head is on a U.S. penny? | Encoding failure |
| What is it called when Alfredo was unable to remember the events occurring just before his automobile accident, this memory loss from brain trauma is known as....? | Retrograde |
| What is it called when the patient H.M. was unable to remember information from the last few years before his operation and has difficulty forming new memories this is because he has...? | anterograde amnesia, removal of portions of his temporal lobes, and retrograde amnesia. |
| What is Constructive? | Processes explain how we actively shape and build on information as it is encoded and retrieved. |
| What is an example of source amnesia? | Thinking that you heard some bit of information from a friend when you actually heard it on TV. |
| What is an example of misinformation effect? | Remembering your sister's 16th birthday party as your own. |
| The famous cognitive and developmental psychologist, Jean Piaget, misremembered a childhood story of almost being kidnapped. This is an example of ___? | Source amnesia, misinformation effect, and constructive processes. |
| What is a mnemonic device? | A memory improvement technique based on encoding items in a special way. |
| What does the method of Loci mnemonic system use to organize information to be learned? | Images of physical locations. |
| What is phenemes? | Sets of basic sounds (in fact, the smallest set of sounds) |
| What is morphemes? | The smallest units of speech that convey meaning. |
| What is syntax? | The rules that specify how words should be ordered in a sentence to make the sentence meaningful. |
| What is language acquisition? | the innate biological ability of humans to acquire and develop language. |
| What is overgeneralization? | an error that involves coming to a conclusion based on information that is too general and/or not specific enough. |
| What is language acquisition device? | Chomsky theorized that all humans share a mechanism which allows us to comprehend, develop, and use language like no other animal. |
| What is linguistic relativity hypothesis? | holds that the structure of human language effects the way in which an individual conceptualizes their world. |
| What are prototypes? | the BEST example or cognitive representation of something within a certain category. |
| What are algorithm's? | a set of instructions for solving a problem or completing a process, often used in math. |
| What is heuristics? | which is a rule-of-thumb strategy for making more efficient decisions. |
| What is representativeness heuristics? | a cognitive bias in which an individual categorizes a situation based on a pattern of previous experiences or beliefs about the scenario. |
| What is belief bias? | refers to the results that happen when an individual’s own values, beliefs, prior knowledge, etc. affects, or distorts, the reasoning process through the acceptance of invalid arguments or data. |
| What is functional fixedness? | a cognitive bias that limits a person to using an object only in the way it is traditionally used. |
| What is confirmation bias? | a tendency to search for or interpret information in a way that confirms one's preconceptions, leading to statistical errors. |
| What is convergent thinking? | A cognitive process (a mode of critical thinking) in which a person attempts to find a single, correct answer to a problem. |
| What is divergent thinking? | A cognitive process (a mode of critical thinking) in which a person generates many unique, creative responses to a single question or problem. |
| What is availability heuristic? | a mental shortcut that relies on immediate examples that come to a given person's mind when evaluating a specific topic, concept, method or decision. |
| Who is George Sperling | cognitive psychologist who documented the existence of iconic memory (one of the sensory memory subtypes). Human beings store a perfect image of the visual world for a brief moment, before it is discarded from memory. |
| Who is George Miller | American psychologist who was one of the founders of the cognitive psychology field. He also contributed to the birth of psycholinguistics and cognitive science in general. |
| Who is Alexandra Luria? | work included response times and their influence on mental processes, cultural/historical psychology, the influence of language on cognition, and neuropsychology. |
| Who is Hermann Ebbinghaus? | Came up with the learning curve. |
| Who is Noam Chomsky? | believed language was learned through exposure to language in the environment (LAD) |
| Who is Elizabeth Loftus? | well-known for her work on the Misinformation Effect and False Memories |
| Who is Benjamin Whorf? | American linguist who developed the principle of linguistic relativity |
| Who is Wolfgang Kohler? | famous for his description of insight learning which he tested on animals |
Created by:
theresa28
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