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Lifespan Development
VCE Year 11 Psychology - Lifespan Development
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Lifespan Development | age-related changes that occur from birth, throughout a person’s life into and during old age |
| Infancy | the developmental stage that extends from birth to approximately two years of age |
| Childhood | developmental stage that extends from approximately two to 10 years of age |
| Adolescence | developmental stage that begins at around 10 to 12 years of age and continues until approximately 20 to 24 years of age |
| Early adulthood | the developmental stage that extends from about 20 to 40 years of age |
| Middle Age | developmental stage that extends from about 40 to 65 years of age |
| Older Age | developmental stage that extends from about the mid to late sixties until the end of one’s life |
| Physical Development | relatively permanent age related changes in the body and its various systems, including the brain and nervous system, bones and muscles, motor skills and hormonal changes |
| Social development | relatively permanent age-related changes in an individual’s relationships with other people and their skills in interacting with others |
| Cognitive development | how and when we develop and use mental abilities, and changes that occur in mental abilities throughout the lifespan |
| Emotional development | relatively permanent age related changes in how an individual experiences different feelings and how these feelings are expressed, interpreted and dealt with |
| Continuous development | a gradual and ongoing developmental change, with behaviour in an earlier stage providing the basis of skills and abilities required for a later stage |
| Discontinuous development | a developmental change that occurs in distinct and separate stages throughout the lifespan, with development of certain abilities having an identifiable start and end point |
| Quantitative changes | in development, a change in the quantity or ‘amount’ of thinking, feeling or behaving |
| Qualitative changes | in development, a change in the ‘quality’, ‘kind’ or ‘type’ of thinking, feeling or behaving that makes the individual different from the way they were before |
| Heredity | the transmission of characteristics from the biological parents to their offspring via genes at the time of conception. Also referred to as nature. |
| Environment | generally, the physical context or situation in which an event occurs; in relation to the nature–nurture debate, all the experiences, objects and events to which we are exposed throughout our entire lifetime. Also referred to as nurture. |
| Maturation | the genetically predetermined orderly and sequential developmental changes which occur in the nervous system and other bodily structures |
| Principle of readiness | in developmental psychology, inability to perform a behaviour development on maturation until the necessary bodily structures are sufficiently developed |
| Sensitive period | a period of time when an individual is more responsive to certain influences from their environment |
| Biological perspective | a view that focuses on the biological (physiological) influences on behaviour and mental processes, including the brain and the rest of the nervous system, the endocrine system, the immune system and genetics |
| Behavioural perspective | focuses on understanding and explaining how behaviour is learned and moulded by experience. Also called behaviourism. |
| Cognitive perspective | focuses on how we acquire, process, remember and use information about ourselves and the world around us |
| Socio-cultural perspective | focuses on the roles of social and cultural influences on human behaviour and mental processes |
| Longitudinal study | studying the same group of research participants over an extended period of time, taking measurements on thoughts, feelings or behaviour of interest at different times |
| Cross sectional study | a research method which uses a group(s) of participants of different ages who are studied over a relatively short period of time |
| Cohort sequential method | A method which combines the cross sectional and longitudinal methods. It involves two or more groups of participants, called cohorts, who overlap in age. |
| Monozygotic twins | two genetically identical individuals who develop when a single fertilised egg splits into two in the first couple of days after conception. Also called identical twins. |
| Dizygotic twins | two genetically non-identical individuals who develop when the female produces two separate ova which are independently fertilised by two different sperm cells. Also called fraternal twins. |
| Adoption studies | Using information from research with children who have been adopted, and therefore have no genetic similarity to their adopted parents, to learn about the influence of heredity and environment on development. |
| Developmental Change | A change which is relatively permanent or 'lasting' |
Created by:
Belinda_Irving
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