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Chapter 14
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Medical model | proposes that it is useful to think of abnormal behaviour as a disease |
| Diagnosis | involves distinguishing one illness from another |
| Etiology | refers to the apparent causing and developmental history of an illness |
| Prognosis | forecast about the possible course of an illness |
| Comorbidity | the coexistence(exist at the same time or place) of 2 or more disorders |
| Epidemiology | the study of the distribution of mental or physical disorders in a population |
| Prevalence | refers to the percentage of a population that exhibits a disorder during a specific time period |
| Anxiety disorders | are a class of disorders marked by feelings of excessive fear and anxiety |
| Generalized Anxiety disorder | marked by a chronic, high level of anxiety that is not tied to any specific threat |
| Phobic disorder | marked by a persistent and irrational fear of an object or situation that presents no realistic danger |
| Panic Disorder | characterized by recurrent attacks of overwhelming anxiety that usually occur suddenly and unexpectedly |
| Agoraphobia | a fear of going out to public places |
| Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) | marked by persistent, uncontrollable intrusions of unwanted thoughts (obsessions) and urges to engage in senseless rituals (compulsions) |
| Concordance rate | indicates the % of twin pairs or other pairs of relatives who exhibit the same disorder |
| Dissociative disorders | are a class of disorders in which people lose contact with portions of their consciousness or memory, resulting in disruptions in their sense of identity |
| Dissociative Amnesia (The 3 dissociative syndrome) | A sudden loss of memory for important personal information that is too extensive to be due to normal forgetting (excessive stress) |
| Dissociative Fugue (The 3 dissociative syndrome) | People lose their memory for their entire lives along with their sense of personal identity (excessive stress) |
| Dissociative identity disorder (The 3 dissociative syndrome) | Involves the coexistence in one person of two or more largely complete and usually very different personalities |
| Mood disorders | are a class of disorders marked by emotional disturbances of varied kinds that may spill over the disrupt physical perceptual, social and thought processes |
| Unipolar disorder (The 2 basic types of mood disorders) | experience emotional extremes at just one end of the mood continuum, troubled only by “depression” |
| bipolar disorder (The 2 basic types of mood disorders)(more of a major one) | vulnerable to emotional extremes at both ends of the mood continuum, going through periods of both “depression” and “mania” |
| In “major depressive disorder”... | people show constant feelings of sadness and misery and a loss of interest in previous sources of pleasure |
| Anhedonia | a diminished ability to experience pleasure (a feature of depression) |
| Dysthymic disorder | consists of chronic depression that is insufficient in the fact or condition to being severe to justify diagnosis of a major depressive episode |
| Bipolar disorder (formerly known as “manic-depressive disorder) | characterized by the experience of one or more manic episodes as well as periods of depression |
| Seasonal affective disorder (SAD) | a type of depression that follows a seasonal pattern and postpartum depression, a type of depression that sometimes occur after childbirth |
| Delusions | are false beliefs that are maintained even though they clearly are out of touch with reality |
| Hallucinations | are sensory perceptions that occur in the absence of a real, external stimulus or are gross deformation of perceptual input |
| Paranoid schizophrenia | is dominated by delusions of harassment/presecution, along with delusions of greatness |
| Catatonic schizophrenia | marked by striking motor disturbances, ranging from muscular inflexiability to random motor activity |
| Disorganized schizophrenia | a particularly severe worsening of adaptive behaviour is seen |
| Undifferentiated schizophrenia | marked by characteristic mixtures of schizophrenic symptoms |
| Negative symptoms | involve behavioural deficits, such as flattened emotions, social withdrawal apathy, impaired attention and poverty of speech |
| Positive symptoms | involve behavioural excesses or an odd habit/feature, such as hallucinations, delusions, bizarre behaviour and wild flights of ideas |
| Expressed emotion (EE) | the degree to which a relative of a schizophrenic patient displays highly critical or emotionally over involved attitudes toward the patient |
| Personality disorders | are a class of disorders marked by extreme, inflexible personality traits that cause subjective distress or impaired social and occupational functioning |
| Antisocial personality disorder | marked by heartless, controlling, aggressive and irresponsible behavior that reflects a failure to accept social norms |
| Autism (or autistic disorder) | refers to a developmental disorder characterized by social and emotional deficits, along with repetitive and stereotypic behaviours, interests and activities |
| Culture-bound disorders | are abnormal syndromes found only in a few cultural groups |
Created by:
eric25
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