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FACS FFL Digestion
JCHS FFL Digestion Vocabulary
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| digestion | breakdown of food in the body in preparation for absorption |
| gastrointestinal tract | consists of the body structures that participate in digestion |
| mechanical digestion | food is broken down into smaller pieces by the teeth |
| peristalsis | rhythmic contraction of the muscular walls of the tract |
| chemical digestion | the composition of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats is changed |
| hydrolysis | the addition of water and the resulting splitting, or breaking down, of the food molecules |
| Catalyst | speeds up the chemical reactions without itself being changed in the process |
| enzymes | act on food substances, causing them to break down into simple compounds |
| bolus | food in the mouth that is ready to be swallowed |
| salivary amylase | the enzyme secreted by the salivary glands to act on starch |
| esophagus | tube leading from the mouth to the stomach |
| cardiac sphincter | the muscle at the base of the esophagus that prevents gastric reflux from moving into the esophagus |
| fundus | upper part of the stomach |
| pylorus | the end of the stomach nearest the intestines |
| chyme | the food mass as it has been mixed with gastric juices |
| gastrin | hormone released by the stomach |
| gastric juices | digestive secretions of the stomach |
| pepsin | an enzyme secreted by the stomach that is essential for the digestion of proteins |
| duodenum | first and smallest section of the small intestine |
| jejunum | middle section comprising about two fifths of the small intestine |
| ileum | last part of the small intestine |
| bile | secretion of the liver, stored in the gallbladder, and essential for the digestion of fats |
| large intestine | consists of the cecum, colon, and rectum |
| absorption | passage of nutrients into the blood |
| lymphatic system | vessels that carry fat-soluble particles and molecules that are too large to pass through the capillaries into the bloodstream |
| villi | tiny, hairlike structures in the small intestines through which nutrients are absorbed |
Created by:
sculp2014
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