Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Psych chap. 11-16
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| motivation | the set of factors that initiate and direct behavior (typically towards a goal) |
| emotion | complex, psychological events that involve a physiological response, expressive reaction, and subjective experience |
| instincts | unlearned characteristic patterns of responding triggered by specific external stimuli |
| drives | psychological states that arise in response to internal physiological needs |
| Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs | Needs differ in origin. Needs are prioritized and must be satisfied before others. Unfulfilled needs lead to action. |
| Self-actualization | our desire to reach our true potential as human beings |
| personality | the set of characteristics that distinguishes us from others and leads us to act consistently across situations. |
| traits | predispositions to respond in certain ways |
| Id | governed by inborn instinctual drives, especially those related to sex, aggression |
| Superego | motivates people to act in an ideal fashion according to moral customs |
| Ego | induces people to act with reason and deliberation, conform to outside world |
| social psychology | the discipline that studies how we think about, influence, and relate to other people |
| social cognitions | how we use cognitive processes to make sense of other people as well as ourselves |
| social schemas | general knowledge structure in long-term memory, relating to social experiences or people |
| insanity | a legal term defined as inability to understand that certain actions are wrong at the time of a crime |
| panic disorder | recurrent discrete episodes or attacks of extremely intense fear or dread |
| phobic disorders | highly focused, irrational fear of a specific object or situation |
| social phobia | extreme anxiety in everyday social situations, often accompanied by physical symptoms |
| Hypochondriasis | long-lasting preoccupation with idea that one has a serious disease, based on misinterpretation of normal body reactions |
| conversion disorder | real physical or neurological impairments that seem to have no physical cause |
| major depressive disorder | one or more major depressive episodes |
| Dysthymic disorder | at least two years of depressed mood for more days than not; symptoms are milder and less disruptive but more chronic |
| Bipolar disorders | mood swings between depression and extreme highs called manic states |
| Schizophrenia | involves fundamental disturbances in thought processes, emotion, and/or behavior |
| personality disorders | chronic, enduring patterns of behavior leading to significant impairment in social functioning |
| psychotherapy | treatment designed to help people cope with mental, emotional, or behavioral problems |
| psychosurgery | surgery that destroys or alters tissues in the brain in an effort to affect behavior |
| group therapy | for of therapy in which approx. 4-15 people are treated simultaneously in the same setting |
| health psychology | seeks to understand the role of biological, psychological, environmental, and cultural factors in the promotion in physical health and the prevention of illness |
| stress | physical and psychological reactions to demanding situations |
| stressors | the demanding or threatening situations that produce stress |
| PTSD | flashbacks, avoidance of stimuli associated with the traumatic event, chronic arousal, and negative changes in mood and cognition |
| OCD | persistent, uncontrollable thoughts (obsessions) or compelling need to perform repetitive acts |
| somatic symptom disorder | presence of physical symptoms that suggest a general medical condition but are not explained by medical, substance,or mental disorder. |
| incentive motivation | motivation to act depends on the value of the incentive |
| achievement motivation | internal drive or need for achievement, possessed by all individuals to varying degrees |
| intrinsic motivation | goal-directed behavior that seems to be entirely self-motivated |
| internal factors controlling hunger | body checks suppliers of unternal energy: glucose and ghrelin(hormones); satiation signals: internal chemical signals which reduce desire to eat; body monitors hormones based on amount of body fat; involves hypothalamus, hippocampus, and hindbrain |
| external factors | eating habits involving times, places, and kinds of food affect food choices; food cues can trigger eating even when a person does not physically need food |
| development of emotions | body response (arousal): increased BP, heart muscle tension, respiration; expressive reaction: facial expression, acting out; subjective experience: feeling of happiness, anger, fear, etc. |
| The Big Five (Five Factor Theory) | a widely accepted contemporary factor analytic theory. Five: openness, conscientiousness, extroversion, agreeableness, neuroticism |
| Alport's trait theory | focus is idiographic: based on detailed case examples of individuals, not on group averages |
| central traits | 5-10 descriptive traits that describe a person |
| secondary traits | less obvious characteristics that appear only under certain circumstances |
| cardinal traits | ruling passions that dominate an individual life and personality (rare) |
| Freud's psychodynamic approach | psychodynamic theory holds that much of behavior is governed by unconscious forces; mind is divided into 3 parts: concscious mind, preconscious mind, unconscious mind |
| Adler | personality arises from our attempts to overcome/compensate for fundamental feelings of inadequacy |
| Jung | emphasized creative life force, collective unconscious, and archetypes (symbols) |
| Horney | rebelled against Freud's male-dominated views |
| Rogers | personality comes from self-concept; organized set of perceptions about one's ability and characteristics |
| attribution theory | in social interactions, we usually try to attribute behavior to one's cause to another |
| internal vs. external attributions | we may attribute a behavior to an external event or situation to an internal personality trait or disposition |
| attitudes | positive or negative evaluation or belief held about something,which in turn affects one's behavior |
| actor-observer affect | tendency to attribute our own behavior to external sources, behavior of others to internal sources |
| what makes behavior abnormal | statistical deviance, cultural deviance,emotional distress, dysfunction |
| medical model | view that abnormal behavior is symptomatic of underlying disease that can be cured with appropriate therapy |
| anxiety | marked by excessive apprehension, worry that impairs normal functioning |
| generalized anxiety disorder | can't be attributed to any single sources; anxiety, chronic worrying, lasting over six months |
| antipsychotic drugs | reduce positive symptoms of schizophrenia |
| antidepressant drugs | modulate availability or effectiveness of neurotransmitters implicated in mood disorders |
| electroconvulsive therapy | brief electric shock delivered to the brain; used mainly for depression |
| cognitive therapies | goal is to remove irrational beliefs, negative thoughts presumed,to be responsible for psychological disorders |
| rational-emotive therapy | therapist verbally assaults irrational thought processes almost like a cross-examiner |
| humanistic therapies | goal is to help clients gain insight into their fundamental self-worth, value as human beings |
| client-centered therapy | client, not therapist, holds the key to psychological health, happiness |
| aversion therapy | replace a positive reaction to a harmful stimulus with something negative |
Created by:
Jess882
Popular Psychology sets