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Psychology Midterm

terms for principles of psychology midterm

TermDefinition
Psychology the scientific study of behavior and mental processes.
Nature VS. Nurture The continuing debate over whether heredity (nature) or environment (nurture) is most central or important to psychology and human development.
Correlation The relationship between two variables. Correlation does NOT imply causation. A correlation study is a research strategy that allows the precise calculation of how strongly related two factors are to each other.
Sample A selected segment (or subset) of the population used to represent the group that is being studied.
Random Sample A sample of a population that is selected randomly for a specific study.
Neurons Highly specialized cell that communicates information in electrical and chemical form; a nerve cell.
Myelin sheath A white, fatty covering wrapped around the axons of some neurons that increases their communication speed.
Refractory period the amount of time it takes for an excitable membrane to be ready for a second stimulus.
Axon terminals Branches at the end of the axon that contain tiny pouches, or sacs, called synaptic vesicles. Axon terminals send out signals from one neuron to the dendrites of the next.
Interstitial fluid A fluid that bathes and surrounds the cells of multicellular animals. Found in interstitial spaces, also known as tissue spaces. On average, a person has about 10 liters in their body.
Synaptic gap The tiny space between the axon terminal of one neuron and the dendrite of an adjoining neuron.
Binocular cues Distance or depth cues that require the use of both eyes.
Peripheral vision Vision that occurs to the side of the central gaze.
Sensation The process of detecting a physical stimulus, such as light, sound, heat, or pressure.
Naturalistic observation The systematic observation and recording of behaviors as they occur in their natural environment/setting.
Case study An intensive study of a single individual or small group of individuals.
Statistics A branch of mathematics used by researchers to organize, summarize, and interpret data.
Theory A tentative explanation that tries to integrate and account for the relationship of various findings and observations.
Neuroscience The study of the nervous system, especially the brain.
Glial cells Support cells that assist neurons by providing structural support, nutrition, and removal of cell wastes; manufacture myelin.
Stimulus threshold The minimum level of stimulation required to activate a particular neuron.
All-or-none principle The principle that either a neuron is sufficiently stimulated and an action potential occurs or a neuron is not sufficiently stimulated and an action potential does not occur.
Synaptic gap The tiny space between the axon terminal of one neuron and the dendrite of an adjoining neuron.
Nodes of Ranvier Gaps formed between myelin sheaths generated by different cells; also called "myelin sheath gaps".
Monocular cues Distance or depth cues that can be processed by either eye alone.
Gestalt Psychology A school of psychology founded in Germany in the early 1900s that maintained that our sensations are actively processed according to consistent perceptual rules that result in meaningful whole perceptions, or gestalts; Ex: /\/\, or M?
Perception The process of integrating, organizing, and interpreting sensations.
Pheromones Chemical signals released by an animal that communicate information and affect the behavior of other animals of the same species.
Created by: formula1fan
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