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HHG - Unit 1!

Introduction + Chapter 1

TermDefinition
Culture Behaviour patterns, beliefs and all other products of a group that are passed on from generation to generation.
Life-span Development The pattern of Change that begins at conception and continues through the life span.
Tabula Rasa View The idea (John Locke) that children are like a blank tablet.
Innate Goodness View The Idea (Swiss-born philosopher, Jean-Jacques Rousseau) that children are inherently good.
Original Sin View Advocated during the Middle Ages, the belief that children are born into the world as evil beings and are basically bad.
Ethnicity A characteristic based on cultural heritage, nationality characteristics, race, religion and language.
Cross Cultural Studies Comparisons of one culture with one or more other cultures. These provide info about the degree to which children's development is similar, or universal, across cultures and the degree to which it is culture specific.
Gender The social and psychological dimensions of being male or female.
Context The settings, influenced by historical, political, economic, social and cultural factors, in which development occurs.
Social Policy A national gov'ts course of action designed to influence the welfare of its citizens.
Biological Processes Changes in an individual's physical nature.
Cognitive Processes Changes in an individual's thought, intelligence and language.
Socio-emotional Processes Changes in an individual's relationships with other people, emotions and personality.
Chronological Age Number of years that has elapsed since a person's birth; what is usually meant by age.
Biological Age A person's age in terms of biological health.
Mental Age An individual's ability to solve problems on a diagnostic instrument relative to others of the same chronological age.
Psychological Age An individual's adaptive capacities compared with those of other individuals of the same chronological spot.
Social Age Social roles and expectations related to a person's age.
Nature-nurture Issue Debate about whether development is primarily influenced by nature or nurture.
Continuity-discontinuity Issue Issue regarding whether development involves gradual, cumulative change (continuity) or distinct stages (discontinuity).
Stability-change Issue The issue of whether development is best described as involving stability or as involving change.
Theory An inter-related, coherent set of ideas that help explain and make predictions.
Hypotheses Specific assumptions and predictions that can be tested to determine their accuracy.
Descriptive Research Had the purpose of observing and recording behaviour.
Laboratory A controlled setting in which many of the complex factors of the "real world" are removed.
Naturalistic Observation Observing behaviour in real-world settings.
Standardized Test A test with uniform procedures for administration and scoring. Many standardized tests allow a person's performance to be compared with the performance of other individuals.
Case Study An in-depth look at a single individual.
Life History Records Records of information about a lifetime chronology of events and activities that often involve a combination of data records on education, work, family and residence.
Correlational Research Goal is to describe the strength of the relationship between two or more events or characteristics.
Experiment A carefully regulated procedure in which one or more of the factors believed to influence the behaviour being studied are manipulated, while all other factors are held constant.
Cross-sectional Approach A research strategy in which individuals of different ages are compared at one time.
Longitudinal Approach A research strategy in which the same individuals are studied over a period of time, usually several years or more.
Sequential Approach A combined cross-sectional, longitundial d
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