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earlychildhood
ch.1
Question | Answer |
---|---|
why is childhood an important time of life? | brain develops connections between nerve cells that allow it to think and control the body in curtain ways. |
what characterizes babies relationship with adults? | babies depend on adults for everything |
when did society's view of childhood change? | twentieth century, child labor laws, attitude changes when the only job they had was to play |
behaviors | ways of acting or responding |
caregivers | parents and others who take care of children |
child development | the study of how children master new skills. |
adolescence | the stage of life between childhood and adulthood |
development tasks | each stage of life has particular challenges, meeting those challenges-mastering those skills-prepares a person for the next stage |
environment | the people, places, and things that surround and influence a person. |
heredity | the passing on of certain characteristics from earlier generations.(ex. blood type, eye color, ect.) |
neurons | at birth the brain has billions of nerve cells |
self-esteem | how you value yourself |
sequence | development follows a step-by-step pattern |
intellectual | brain,thinking |
moral | know from right or wrong |
physical | muscles (large,small) |
social | interacting with people |
emotional | feelings |
Sigmund Freud | he believed that personality develops through a series of stages.( the idea that early experiences affect adult life ) |
Erik Erickson | he thought that each stage includes a unique psychological crisis. parents must be aware of child's needs at a particular stage and be sensitive to the child's needs at that stage. |
Maria Montessori | she stressed that children learn using their senses and that they learn best by pursuing their interests |
B.F Skinner | he argues that when a child`s action repeatedly brings positive effects, it will be repeated and learned. when negative results repeatedly occur, the child will eventually stop the action |
Jean Piaget | the first to study children in a scientific way, focused on how children learned. |
Robert coles | he studied children's moral development, he stresses the important role that parents and other caregivers play by the examples they set. |
stages of life | childhood, adolescence, young adult, middle life, late life |
task of adolescence | finding your identity, becoming independent, planning for your life`s work |
why is it helpful if caregivers are confident? | children feel more comfortable with people who care for them with confidence |
would you assume two-year-olds and four-year-olds act the same when frustrated? why or why not? | no, because their mentalities are different and the brain development has grown |
name 5 different things that changed from past to present | work, play, education, dress, health |
name one thing that has stayed the same | parental love |