BIO205-CH1-Intro Word Scramble
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Question | Answer |
Microbes/microorganisms include? | Bacteria, fungi, protozoa, microscopic alge, & viruses (noncellular). |
Pathogenic | "Disease-producing" |
Saccharomyces cerevisiae | yeast - used to make bread - belongs to Kingdom Fungi |
Fermentation | Metabolic process - enzyme degradation of carbs - anaerobic - ex: yeast metabolizes sugars in bread to produce alcohol (ethanol) & CO2. |
genus, specific epithet | Grouping of one or more species by certain traits - particular species w/in genus - first name always capitalized - italicized |
Bacteria & archaeans are parth of which domain? | Prokaryotic - Don't have nucleus - greatest metabolic diversity. |
Bacteria | Simple, single-celled (unicellular) organisms - prokaryote |
Bacillus | rodlike |
Coccus | spherical or ovoid |
Spiral | corkscrew or curved |
peptidoglycan | Protein & carb complex of cell walls for bacteria |
archaea | Prokaryotic (no nucleus) - lack peptidoglycan - found in extreme environments - methanogens (produce methane), extreme halophiles (salt-loving), extreme thermophiles (heat loving) |
Fungi (fungus) | Eukaryotes - uni/multicellular - no photosyn. - lack peptidoglycan - decomposers - digest food outside body then absorb. |
Yeasts | Fungi, eukaryotes - unicellular & oval - larger than bacteria. |
Eukaryotes | Have nucleus w/nuclear membrane |
Domain eukaryotes includes? | Protists, fungi, plants, & animals |
Protists | Multicellular - have nucleus - seaweeds |
Plants | Photosynthetic - producers |
Animals | Ingest tissues or juices - consumers |
Molds form visible masses called __. | mycelia - long cottony growths |
Fungi can reproduce __ or __. | sexually or asexually |
protozoa (protozoan) | Unicellular, eukaryotic microbes - move w/flagella, pseudopods, or cilia - amoebas - free entities or parasites - sexual or asexual |
algae (alga) | Eukaryotes, photosynthetic, sex/asex, cell walls w/cellulose - photosynthetic - produce O2 & carbs |
Viruses | acellular - core of DNA or RNA w/protein coat. |
3 Domain System | Bacteria (cell wall w/peptidoglycan), archaea (cell wall w/o peptidoglycan), & eukarya |
How are bacteria, archaea, fungi, protozoa, algae, & viruses distinguished on basis of cellular structure? | Through the 3 domain system. |
2 major groups of parasitic worms | flatworms & round worms (helminths) |
Helminths | round worms - start as microscopic |
Name 3 types of protists | slime molds, protozoa, & algae |
Name 3 types of fungi | unicellular yeasts, multicellular molds, & mushrooms |
Cell theory | All living things are composed of cells - Hooke in 1665 |
What was Robert Hooke's contribution to biology? | Cell theory |
What was Anton van Leeuwenhoek's contribution to microbiology? | Observed living bacteria & protozoa - microorganisms |
Spontaneous generation | Life can arise from nonliving matter. |
Biogenesis | Life can arise only from preexisting living cells - Virchow 1858 |
How did Pasteur contribute to aseptic techniques? | Pasteur showed that microbial life can be destroyed by heat & that methods can block access to unwanted microorganisms. |
aseptic techniques | Techniques that prevent contamination by unwanted organisms. |
Pasteurization | Heating to kill bacteria |
Germ theory of disease | Microorganisms cause diease |
Koch's postulates | Sequence of experimental steps for directly relating a specific microbe to a specific disease. |
Jenner's contribution was? | Innoculation (cow pox to protect against smallpox) - later vaccination named by Pasteur |
Chemotherapy | Treatment of disease using chemical substances. |
Antibiotics are produced by __. | bacteria & fungi |
Who discovered penicillin? | Fleming 1928 |
Mycology | Study of fungi |
Parasitology | Study of protozoa & parasitic worms |
Genomics | Study of all of an organism's genes |
recombinant DNA (rDNA) | A DNA molecule produced by combining DNA from 2 different sources. |
recombinant DNA (rDNA) technology | Manufacturing & manipulating genetic material in vitro - genetic engineering |
molecular biology | How genetic info is carried in DNA & how DNA directs synthesis of proteins. |
conjugation | Genetic material transferred from one bacterium to another. |
List 4 beneficial activities of microorganisms | (1) converting essential elements, (2) sewage treatment, (3) bioremediation, (4) pest control |
bioremediation | bacteria use pollutants & break them down into less harmful substances. |
biotechnology | Use of microorganisms to produce common foods & chemicals. |
List 2 examples of biotechnology | recombinant DNA tech, gene therapy |
Normal microbiota | "flora" - microorganisms on & inside our bodies. |
Name 2 jobs performed in our bodies by normal microbiota | (1) prevent diseases by limiting overgrowth by harmful microbes (2) produce Vit K & B |
EIDs | Emerging infectious diseases - new diseases or changing. |
H5N1 | Avian influenza A |
SARS | Severe acute respiratory syndrome - coronavirus |
WNE | West nile encephalitis - causes encephalitis |
BSE | Mad cow - bovine spongiform encephalopathy |
Prion | infectious protein |
E. coli | Escherichia coli - normal lg. intesting inhabitant - produces certain vitamins - some can cause diarrhea E. coli 0157:H7 |
IGAS - group A streptococcus | Flesh eating bacteria - Invasive Group A Strep |
EHF | Ebola hemorrhagic fever |
HIV destroys what? | CD4 lymphocytes |
Most __ have a peptidoglycan cell wall. | bacteria have them. |
2 types of chemotherapeutic agents | Synthetic drugs & antibiotics |
Created by:
Ladystorm
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