Anti-Infective Pharm Word Scramble
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Question | Answer |
Virulence- | measure of an organisms pathogenicity. HIGH- microbe produces disease in small amounts 2 CHARACTERISTICS: invasiveness and toxicity |
What is a pathogen? | Includes: viruses, bacteria, fungi, unicellular (protozoans) and multicellular animals (fleas, mites, worms, etc.) |
Invasiveness- | pathogens ability to grow extremely fast and cause direct damage to surrounding tissues |
Exotoxins- | proteins released by bacteria into surrounding tissues. They have the ability to inactivate or kill host cells. |
Endotoxins- | nonprotein chemicals that are part of the outer layer of the envelope surrounding gram-NEGATIVE bacteria. They release cytokines that cause pain, inflammation, fever, and chills. |
gram-POSITIVE -vs- gram-NEGATIVE | difference is biochemical and physiological POSITIVE- bacteria that contains a thick peptidoglycan cell wall NEGATIVE- thinner cell walls, resists SULFONAMIDES. |
Classify: Anti-Infectives 3x Used against? 4x | by susceptible organisms, chemical structure, and mechanisms of action. Used to treat bacterial, fungal, viral, and parasitic infections. |
Types of Anti-infectives | antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, antiprotozoan, and antihelminthic (destroy parasitic worms) |
Antibiotic- | refers to natural substance produced by a microorganism that can kill other microorganisms. Now produced synthetically. |
Grouping antibiotics:(2 classes) Chemical Pharmacological | chemical- chemical structure (therapeutic group) pharmacological- mechanism of action |
Pharmacology of anti-infectives- How do they work? Primary goal? | selectively target a pathogen's metabolism or life cycle. Goal is to assist in elimination of the pathogen. |
Difference between bacteriocidal and bacteriostatic? | Bacteriocidal's goal is to KILL the pathogen Bacteriostatic's goal is to SLOW growth of pathogen so body can defend naturally. |
name the Chemical Class: inhibition of cell wall synthesis 3x | Penicillins Cephalosporins Carbapenems |
name the Chemical Class: inhibition of protein synthesis | Aminoglycosides Tetracyclines Macrolides Oxazolidinones |
name the Chemical Class: Disruption of plasma membrane | Azoles Polyene |
name the Chemical Class: inhibition of nucleic acid synthesis | Flouroquinolones |
name the Chemical Class: inhibition of metabolic pathways | Sulfonamides |
5 methods by which antibacterials exert toxicity: | 1. inhibition of cell wall synthesis 2. inhibition of protein synthesis 3. Disruption of plasma membrane 4. inhibition of nucleic acid synthesis 5. inhibition of metabolic pathways |
MSRA- | Methicillin-Resistant Strphlococcus aureus bacteria that is resistant to certain antibiotics. Acquired in: hospitals/long-term care facilities (HA-MRSA) community (CA-MRSA) |
VRE- | Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci Found in woulds and pressure ulcers (hospitals/nursing homes) originates in vaginal flora and GI tract |
Superinfections- | Occur when anti-infective antibiotic kills host flora. S&S: diarrhea, bladder pain, painful urination, or abnormal vaginal discharge. |
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