Health restoration I Word Scramble
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Question | Answer |
Focal/partial Seizure | No LOC / incontinence Usually processor of a tonic clonic sz |
Grand Mal seizure(tonic – clonic) | Altered LOC w/o memory of sz Stiffening/jerking of body |
Acute Seizure Care | Dilantin (phenytonin) |
Medication used to terminate sz | 1 mg Lorazepam (Ativan) 5mg Diazepam (Valium) |
Tonic | Stiffening of muscles |
Clonic | Jerking of body |
Cluster HA | External Etiology unknown Ipsilateral above eyebrow – nasal congestion Deep tense stabbing non pulsating pain Ocular ∆’s =miosis ptosis |
Tension HA | External bilateral pain – pressing/tightening last minutes –days Non pulsating starts w/shoulders |
Migraine HA | Internal (cerebral) (constriction release prostaglandins) last 4 – 72 hrs Steady throbbing pulsating pain |
Migraine w/aura | Complex of neurological syndromes e.g. bright lights patchy blindness hearing voices sounds strange smell paralysis weakness (sensory(visual/hearing) motor |
Migraine w/aura | Occur in 10% of migraine HA episodes signal onset last 1 min- 1 hr prior to migraine |
Migraine w/aura phases | Elderly present w/o pain – “visual migraine” Phase I prodromal visual/hearing sensory Phase II nausea vomiting pain(temple)/throbbing Phase III constant dull sensation hrs- days |
Treatment of cluster HA | O2 5-12L 5-10 min. Imitrex SQ (vasoconstrictor) Verapamil (vasodilator) |
Treatment of tension HA | Caffeine helps NSAID ASA stress management |
Triptan (when are they used) | Migraine HA medication Axert Frova Amerge Imetrex Cannot mix these medications |
Sprain Rotator cuff injury – drop arm test (pain/inability to abduct arm above shoulder) | Ligament (bone to tendon) injury TWISTING Same as strain (classification) R.I.C.E wrap e.g. ACL (most common; snap sensation instability of knee (PT or surgery))PCL |
Strain aka pulled muscle classification 1-3 greater number =severity of injury | Excessive stretching of a muscle tendon Most occur w/ lg muscles e.g. low back calf hamstring ice/heat 24 hr limit activity anti-inflammatory muscle relaxant severe=surgery |
6 p’s (compartment syndrome) | Pain ↑=edema Pallor = 0 o2 Paralysis = Parethesia = Pressure =edema Pulselessness pain w/passive motion |
Compartment syndrome | ↑ pressure on nerve ↓Oxygen to tissue Complications →tissue damage w/in 4-6º (possible amputation) |
Skin traction | 48-72 hrs (short term treatment) Tape boots splints applied directly to skin to maintain alignment assist in reduction & diminish muscle spasms |
Skeletal traction | Metal thru bone – not a cure (stabilization) Align bones/joints Bucks traction most common for hip/femur fractures |
Assessment w/any fx | Check circulation sensation motion for nerve function |
Complications of open fx | ↑chance of developing osteomyelitis |
Complications of pelvic fx (big bone) | High risk for DVT PE r/t fat embolism (FES)or blood embolism. Hypovolemia r/t excess blood loss Do not ambulate |
Complications of femur fx (big bone) | High risk for DVT PE r/t fat embolism or blood embolism. Hypovolemia r/t excess blood loss |
Assessment of big bone fx | Color temperature (skin) capillary refill distal pulses edema sensation motor function pain |
Osteoporosis “Silent disease” = bone loss w/o painful symptoms | Porous bone (fragile bone disease) Low bone mass/bone deterioration Chronic progressive metabolic bone disease |
Who’s @ risk for osteoporosis? | Women ≥65 r/t (White Asian) Post menopausal Smokers Inactive lifestyle Family hx Low body wt Excessive alcohol use ≥ 2 drink/day Long term use- corticosteroids thyroid replacement heparin sedatives anti seizure medication |
Prevention (for osteoporosis) (w/o use of drugs) | Wt bearing exercise & fluoride Vit C&D ingestion |
What drugs can be given? (for osteoporosis) | Biophosphonates: Didronel Fosamax actonel Boniva HRT – Evista Reclast |
What does the “T” score mean for(for osteoporosis) | DEXA results are based on the statistical unit of the standard deviation. • Normal bone: T-score better than -1 • Osteopenia: T-score between -1 and -2.5 • Osteoporosis: T-score less than -2.5 • Established (severe) osteoporosis |
Pathology of RA | Autoimmune disease/Genetic factor Affects the body bilaterally (both hands) EBV stress smokers coffee dringking |
RA- what are the ∆’s in the hand called? | RA nodules |
Effects of RA | Joints liquefy (destroy joints and synovial lining muscle tendons and blood vessels) Destroyed blood vessels→vasculitis→↓ blood flow to body→multi organ failure→ Death |
RA- how is it dx? | Labs ↑ ESR/CRP levels ANA titer SPE IgG |
RA- treatment process? | DMARDS NSAIDS ASA (last resort plasmapheresis) Water aerobics Heat/Ice herbal therapy Education – self care; exercise to point of pain then stop and rest Surgery |
Pathology of OA | Idiopathic ≥40 yrs Stiffness for 30mins Rest of joints relieves pain |
What is OA? | Slow progression non inflammatory joint synovial (diarthrodial) disorder Unilateral one hand or joint affected (dominant side) |
OA- what are the ∆’s in the hand called? | Heberden nodes – 1st joint ( ∆ r/t cycleooxygmase production) Bouchard nodes – 2nd joint Both are from osteophyte formation (bone spurs) and loss of joint space |
OA – treatment of pain? | Tylenol Flexeril NSAID Heat/cold applications Complementary therapy Water aerobics 90% of patient will have crepitus |
Atrophy | Muscle flabby ↓ function and tone e.g. contracture immobilization (prolonged disuse) muscle denervation (muscle wasting) |
Contracture | Resistance of muscle/joint movement r/t fibrosis of supporting soft tissue e.g. incorrect positioning of immobilized extremity shortening of muscle/joint |
Crepitus | Audible crackling sound & palpable grating w/movement e.g. OA fracture dislocation TMJ dysfunction |
Myalgia | General muscle tenderness & pain e.g. chronic rheumatic syndrome |
Paresthesia | Numbness/tingling (pins/needles) e.g. compressed sensory nerves r/t edema in a closed space e.g cast or bulky dressing |
Subluxation | Partial dislocation of the joint e.g. trauma arthritis (RA) |
Tenosynovitis | Superficial swelling pain tenderness along tendon sheath e.g. Carpal tunnel (repetitive motion) |
Troticollis | (Wryneck) neck twisted in unusual one sided position Born with (congenital) or acquired |
R.I.C.E | Rest Ice Compress Elevate |
C.S.M (assessment of bone fx) | Circulation Sensation Motion (assess joint above and below)for nerve function |
Osteoblast | Bone forming cell – build bones |
Osteoblast Ostesoclast | Bone destroying cell – breakdown bone |
Postictal care 1 | Assess cause e.g dehydration water intoxication hypoglycemia hyperkalemia metabolic acidosis/alkalosis |
Postictal care 2 | Integumentary e.g. bitten tongue soft tissue damage cyanosis diaphoresis (postictal) |
Postictal care 3 | Respirations e.g abnormal rate rhythm absent/abnormal breath sounds |
Postictal care 4 | Cardiovascular e.g. HTN tachycardia |
Postictal care 5 | GI/GU e.g bowel/urinary incontinence excessive salivation |
Postictal care 6 | Neurologic e.g T.C – LOC dilated pupils hyperventilation Partial – aura consciousness |
Postictal care 7 | Musculoskeletal e.g. weakness paralysis ataxia |
Pathology of RA 2 | Stiffness 1 hr/all day RF positive WBC ≥ 20,000 Osteoporosis r/t to corticosteroid use Subluxation |
Osteomyelitis | Severe infection of the bone, bone marrow and surrounding soft tissue Most common infecting microorganism – staphylococcus aureus |
Common w/osteoporosis | Women Less bone mass Less Ca+ consumption Osteoclast begin earlier & accelerated @ menopause Pregnancy/ breast feeding deplete Ca+ Longevity |
Created by:
tgrady
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