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Health restoration I
Terms
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Focal/partial Seizure | No LOC / incontinence Usually processor of a tonic clonic sz |
| Grand Mal seizure(tonic – clonic) | Altered LOC w/o memory of sz Stiffening/jerking of body |
| Acute Seizure Care | Dilantin (phenytonin) |
| Medication used to terminate sz | 1 mg Lorazepam (Ativan) 5mg Diazepam (Valium) |
| Tonic | Stiffening of muscles |
| Clonic | Jerking of body |
| Cluster HA | External Etiology unknown Ipsilateral above eyebrow – nasal congestion Deep tense stabbing non pulsating pain Ocular ∆’s =miosis ptosis |
| Tension HA | External bilateral pain – pressing/tightening last minutes –days Non pulsating starts w/shoulders |
| Migraine HA | Internal (cerebral) (constriction release prostaglandins) last 4 – 72 hrs Steady throbbing pulsating pain |
| Migraine w/aura | Complex of neurological syndromes e.g. bright lights patchy blindness hearing voices sounds strange smell paralysis weakness (sensory(visual/hearing) motor |
| Migraine w/aura | Occur in 10% of migraine HA episodes signal onset last 1 min- 1 hr prior to migraine |
| Migraine w/aura phases | Elderly present w/o pain – “visual migraine” Phase I prodromal visual/hearing sensory Phase II nausea vomiting pain(temple)/throbbing Phase III constant dull sensation hrs- days |
| Treatment of cluster HA | O2 5-12L 5-10 min. Imitrex SQ (vasoconstrictor) Verapamil (vasodilator) |
| Treatment of tension HA | Caffeine helps NSAID ASA stress management |
| Triptan (when are they used) | Migraine HA medication Axert Frova Amerge Imetrex Cannot mix these medications |
| Sprain Rotator cuff injury – drop arm test (pain/inability to abduct arm above shoulder) | Ligament (bone to tendon) injury TWISTING Same as strain (classification) R.I.C.E wrap e.g. ACL (most common; snap sensation instability of knee (PT or surgery))PCL |
| Strain aka pulled muscle classification 1-3 greater number =severity of injury | Excessive stretching of a muscle tendon Most occur w/ lg muscles e.g. low back calf hamstring ice/heat 24 hr limit activity anti-inflammatory muscle relaxant severe=surgery |
| 6 p’s (compartment syndrome) | Pain ↑=edema Pallor = 0 o2 Paralysis = Parethesia = Pressure =edema Pulselessness pain w/passive motion |
| Compartment syndrome | ↑ pressure on nerve ↓Oxygen to tissue Complications →tissue damage w/in 4-6º (possible amputation) |
| Skin traction | 48-72 hrs (short term treatment) Tape boots splints applied directly to skin to maintain alignment assist in reduction & diminish muscle spasms |
| Skeletal traction | Metal thru bone – not a cure (stabilization) Align bones/joints Bucks traction most common for hip/femur fractures |
| Assessment w/any fx | Check circulation sensation motion for nerve function |
| Complications of open fx | ↑chance of developing osteomyelitis |
| Complications of pelvic fx (big bone) | High risk for DVT PE r/t fat embolism (FES)or blood embolism. Hypovolemia r/t excess blood loss Do not ambulate |
| Complications of femur fx (big bone) | High risk for DVT PE r/t fat embolism or blood embolism. Hypovolemia r/t excess blood loss |
| Assessment of big bone fx | Color temperature (skin) capillary refill distal pulses edema sensation motor function pain |
| Osteoporosis “Silent disease” = bone loss w/o painful symptoms | Porous bone (fragile bone disease) Low bone mass/bone deterioration Chronic progressive metabolic bone disease |
| Who’s @ risk for osteoporosis? | Women ≥65 r/t (White Asian) Post menopausal Smokers Inactive lifestyle Family hx Low body wt Excessive alcohol use ≥ 2 drink/day Long term use- corticosteroids thyroid replacement heparin sedatives anti seizure medication |
| Prevention (for osteoporosis) (w/o use of drugs) | Wt bearing exercise & fluoride Vit C&D ingestion |
| What drugs can be given? (for osteoporosis) | Biophosphonates: Didronel Fosamax actonel Boniva HRT – Evista Reclast |
| What does the “T” score mean for(for osteoporosis) | DEXA results are based on the statistical unit of the standard deviation. • Normal bone: T-score better than -1 • Osteopenia: T-score between -1 and -2.5 • Osteoporosis: T-score less than -2.5 • Established (severe) osteoporosis |
| Pathology of RA | Autoimmune disease/Genetic factor Affects the body bilaterally (both hands) EBV stress smokers coffee dringking |
| RA- what are the ∆’s in the hand called? | RA nodules |
| Effects of RA | Joints liquefy (destroy joints and synovial lining muscle tendons and blood vessels) Destroyed blood vessels→vasculitis→↓ blood flow to body→multi organ failure→ Death |
| RA- how is it dx? | Labs ↑ ESR/CRP levels ANA titer SPE IgG |
| RA- treatment process? | DMARDS NSAIDS ASA (last resort plasmapheresis) Water aerobics Heat/Ice herbal therapy Education – self care; exercise to point of pain then stop and rest Surgery |
| Pathology of OA | Idiopathic ≥40 yrs Stiffness for 30mins Rest of joints relieves pain |
| What is OA? | Slow progression non inflammatory joint synovial (diarthrodial) disorder Unilateral one hand or joint affected (dominant side) |
| OA- what are the ∆’s in the hand called? | Heberden nodes – 1st joint ( ∆ r/t cycleooxygmase production) Bouchard nodes – 2nd joint Both are from osteophyte formation (bone spurs) and loss of joint space |
| OA – treatment of pain? | Tylenol Flexeril NSAID Heat/cold applications Complementary therapy Water aerobics 90% of patient will have crepitus |
| Atrophy | Muscle flabby ↓ function and tone e.g. contracture immobilization (prolonged disuse) muscle denervation (muscle wasting) |
| Contracture | Resistance of muscle/joint movement r/t fibrosis of supporting soft tissue e.g. incorrect positioning of immobilized extremity shortening of muscle/joint |
| Crepitus | Audible crackling sound & palpable grating w/movement e.g. OA fracture dislocation TMJ dysfunction |
| Myalgia | General muscle tenderness & pain e.g. chronic rheumatic syndrome |
| Paresthesia | Numbness/tingling (pins/needles) e.g. compressed sensory nerves r/t edema in a closed space e.g cast or bulky dressing |
| Subluxation | Partial dislocation of the joint e.g. trauma arthritis (RA) |
| Tenosynovitis | Superficial swelling pain tenderness along tendon sheath e.g. Carpal tunnel (repetitive motion) |
| Troticollis | (Wryneck) neck twisted in unusual one sided position Born with (congenital) or acquired |
| R.I.C.E | Rest Ice Compress Elevate |
| C.S.M (assessment of bone fx) | Circulation Sensation Motion (assess joint above and below)for nerve function |
| Osteoblast | Bone forming cell – build bones |
| Osteoblast Ostesoclast | Bone destroying cell – breakdown bone |
| Postictal care 1 | Assess cause e.g dehydration water intoxication hypoglycemia hyperkalemia metabolic acidosis/alkalosis |
| Postictal care 2 | Integumentary e.g. bitten tongue soft tissue damage cyanosis diaphoresis (postictal) |
| Postictal care 3 | Respirations e.g abnormal rate rhythm absent/abnormal breath sounds |
| Postictal care 4 | Cardiovascular e.g. HTN tachycardia |
| Postictal care 5 | GI/GU e.g bowel/urinary incontinence excessive salivation |
| Postictal care 6 | Neurologic e.g T.C – LOC dilated pupils hyperventilation Partial – aura consciousness |
| Postictal care 7 | Musculoskeletal e.g. weakness paralysis ataxia |
| Pathology of RA 2 | Stiffness 1 hr/all day RF positive WBC ≥ 20,000 Osteoporosis r/t to corticosteroid use Subluxation |
| Osteomyelitis | Severe infection of the bone, bone marrow and surrounding soft tissue Most common infecting microorganism – staphylococcus aureus |
| Common w/osteoporosis | Women Less bone mass Less Ca+ consumption Osteoclast begin earlier & accelerated @ menopause Pregnancy/ breast feeding deplete Ca+ Longevity |
Created by:
tgrady
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