NURS 350 patho Word Scramble
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Question | Answer |
from which vertebrae does the sympathetic ns emerge | T1 - L2 |
from where does the parasympathetic ns emerge | Cranial nerves III, VII,IX and X spinal nerves S2,3,4 |
what are the names of cranial nerves III, VII and IX and X | oculomotor, facial, glossopharyngeal and vagus |
what are the support cells of CNS | astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, microglia, ependymal |
what are support cells of PNS | astrocytes, Schwann cells, microglia, ependymal cells |
function of astrocytes - tradtional | contacts between neurons and vessels, form BBB, transport waste and nutrients, scar forming cells of CNS |
function of astrocytes - recent | critical role in neuron development/survival, plasticity, mediate neuron recovery (scar tissue CNS), antioxidant defense, tight junctions in BBB |
what cell function is usually aletered in most brain pathologies | astroctye |
function of oligodendrocytes | CNS myelin sheath, neurilemma |
function of Schwann cells | PNS myelin sheath, neurilemma |
function of microglia | phagocytic cellular debris |
function of ependymal cells | line ventricles/choroid plexuses --> CSF |
What types of nervous tissue can possibly be repaired | PNS under right circumstances. CNS repair generally not possible. limited by glial cells acting as 'glue' |
factors influencing PNS nerve regeneration | location of injury (further away from soma, more likely), type of injury (crushed more likely than cut), inflammatory response/scarring |
what factors LIMIT PNS nerve regeneration | myelin differences, increased scar formation |
4 general regions of CNS | forebrain, midbrain, hindbrain, spinal cord |
4 general structures in forebrain | cerebral hemispheres, cerebral cortex, thalamus, hypothalamus |
3 general structures of midbrain | Tectum (ceiling of midbrain, which houses corpora quadrigemina --> superior/inferior colliculi), cerebral peduncles, tegmentum (think floor of midbrain) |
What two structures in brain are bundles of myelinated white matter | corpus callosum, cerbral peduncles |
3 general structures of hindbrain | cerebellum, pons, medulla |
What region of the brain houses the reticular formation | the brainstem; invovling midbrain, pons and medulla |
What is reticular formation | collection of nerve bodies (nuclein) in brainstem |
2 functions of reticular formation | vital reflexes (CV/resp) and wakefulness via reticular activating system (RAS) |
what comprises the cerebral cortex | peripheral gray matter (cell bodies)and underlying white matter (myelinated fibers) |
What is the corpus callosum | wide bundle of axons just beneath cortex, largest white matter structure in brain |
What is function of corpus callosum | connects cerebral hemispheres and mediates communication between them |
What is notable about the central sulcus | it divides primary somatic motor (anterior) from the primary somatic sensory (posterior) |
What are the 4 lobes of the brain | frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital |
main functions of frontal lobe | conscious thought, mood, social |
main functions of parietal lobe | integrate sensory, sensory association, part of Wernickes here |
main functuions of temporal lobe | primary auditory, secondary sensory association, part of wernickes, smell/sound/complex stimuli (faces, scenes) |
main functions of occipal lobe | light, vesion. if lesioned here --> hallucinations |
where is the primary somatic motor region located | in the frontal lobe, just anterior to the central sulcus |
where is the primary somatic sensory region located | in the parietal lobe, just posterior to the central sulcus |
In what two lobes are Wernickes | parietal and temporal lobes |
where is broca's | in the prefrontal region of the frontal lobe |
What region receives/understand's speech | wernicke's in the temporal/parietal lobe |
what region delivers speech | brocas in the prefrontal of fronal lobe |
The forebrain can be divided into these embryonic structures | telencepelon, diencephalon |
what structures are in the telencephalon of the forebrain | cerebral hemispheres, cerebral cortex, cerebrum, limbic system, basal ganglia |
what structures are in the diencephalon of the forebrain | thalamus, hypothalamus, subthalamus, epithalamus |
where is the basal ganglia and their function | located in telencephalon of forebrain -->gray areas of cerebrum that fine tune motor movement |
where is the thalaums and its function | diencephalone of forebrain-->integration center for afferent impulses destined for cerebral cortex |
where is the hypothalamus and its function | diencephalon of forebrain --> homeostasis, behavioral pattern implementation |
where is the epithalamus and its function | diencephalon of forebrain --> pineal gland for circadian rhythms, involved in limbic system |
where is subthalamus and its function | diencephalon of forebrain --> motor activity |
what is the prefrontal area involved with | concentration, memory, thought elaboration, inhibition of limbic/vegetative areas |
what areas of the body are most represented by the primary somatic sensory area (homunculus) | hand, face, tongue (most senstivie organs have most neuronal action0 |
what areas of the primary somatic motor area are most represented | those invoving more complex movement like hand, fingers and tongue (used for speech) |
where are basal ganglia located and what do they do | in the forebrain (telencephalon) - gray areas deep within white areas of cerebrum --> motor fine tuning |
what diseases result due to damage of basal ganglia | Parkinson's and Huntington's (chorea = involuntary 'dancing' type movement) |
Limbic system consists of which structures | hippocampus, amygdala, portions of thalamus, limbic cortex, fornix |
function of limbic system | primitive emotion/behaviors, smell (close proximity to olfactory bulbs), biological rhythms |
what mediatates limbic response | connections between limbic system and prefontal cortex, which modulates the limbic response to more appropriate one |
what parts of the brain are involved with motor function | primary/motor association, subthalamus, cerebellum |
what comprises the midbrain | corpora quadrigmina (sup/inf colliculi), tegmentum (includes red nucleus, substantia niagra), cerebral peduncles |
what is red nucleus function | main output of basal ganglia |
what does substantia niagra do | makes dopamine (hence its involvement in Parkinson's) |
In the midbrain, what comprises the tegmentum | red nucleus, substantia niagra, cerebral peduncles |
What is the hindbrain composed of | pons, medulla oblongata, cerebellum |
function of cerebellum | reflexive, involuntary motor refinement, balance/posture |
function of pons | respiratory center relays info from cerebellum to brainstem (similar to corpus collosum) |
functions of medulla oblongata | heart rate, respiration, cough/sneeze, swallow/vomit |
Created by:
lorrelaws
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